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Kitsch and art in the age of post-informational derivation

Yıl 2025, Sayı: Yapay zekâ ve sanat özel sayısı, 263 - 287, 22.10.2025

Kutlu Gürelli

https://doi.org/10.46372/arts.1744012

Öz

This study explores the transformation of the meaning of human creativity in Western art over the past 400 years, focusing on artificial intelligence (AI)-centered discussions. It situates the current era as a historical turning point akin to the agricultural and industrial revolutions, examining evolving notions of production and creative action. While recognizing large language models (LLMs) as statistical mimetic automata, distinct from human consciousness and artificial general intelligence (AGI), it highlights ethical challenges in human-machine interactions. The study addresses copy/original and artificial/authentic distinctions in art history and the tension between calculating intelligence and the thinking, reasoning mind. It critiques how digitally accelerated industries propagate kitsch through AI’s automated derivation models. By contrasting the human mind’s complexity with AI’s calculative nature, it explores oppositions between neoliberal industrial kitsch and human-scaled values, opening discussions on the social, ethical, and artistic dimensions of this technological era.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Art artificial intelligence post-information kitsch slop

Kaynakça

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  • Artun, A. (2019, 19 Ocak). Bakış açısı, perspektif ve öznenin oluşumu (Ulus Baker Okumaları). e-skop. https://www.e-skop.com/skopbulten/bakis-acisi-perspektif-ve-oznenin-olusumu-ulus-baker-okumalari/4348
  • Bauman, Z. ve Lyon, D. (2020). Akışkan gözetim (2. Basım) (Çev. E. Yılmaz). Ayrıntı.
  • Baxandall, M. (1972/2015). 15. yüzyılda sanat ve deneyim (Çev. İ. Türkmen). İletişim.
  • Benjamin, W. (2014). Pasajlar (11. Baskı) (Çev. A. Cemal). Yapı Kredi.
  • Berger, J. (1986). Görme biçimleri (Çev. Y. Salman). Metis.
  • Biever, C. (2023). ChatGPT broke the Turing test — The race is on for new ways to assess AI. Nature, 620(7972), 17–19. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-02361-7
  • Bogard, W. (2012). Deleuze and machines: A politics of technology? D. Savat ve M. Poster (Ed.), Deleuze and new technology. (s. 15-31). Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633364.003.0002
  • Broch, H. (1975). Notes on the problem of kitsch. G. Dorfles ve V. Menkes (Ed.), Kitsch: the world of bad taste (s. 49-76). Universe Books.
  • Calinescu, M. (1987). Five faces of modernity: Modernism, avant-garde, decadence, kitsch, postmodernism. Duke University Press.
  • Call, J. ve Tomasello, M. (2008). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? 30 years later. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(5), 187–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2008.02.010
  • Chomsky, N., Roberts, I. ve Watumull, J. (2023, 8 Mart). The false promise of ChatGPT. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/08/opinion/noam-chomsky-chatgpt-ai.html
  • Ciaunica, A., Shmeleva, E. V. ve Levin, M. (2023). The brain is not mental! Coupling neuronal and immune cellular processing in human organisms. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1057622
  • Cohen, D. ve Kubovy, M. (1993). Mental rotation, mental representation, and flat slopes. Cognitive Psychology, 25(3), 351–382. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1993.1009
  • Crawford, K. (2023, 27 Kasım). Generative AI’s growing backlash. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/generative-ai-backlash/
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  • Deleuze, G. (1993). The fold: Leibniz and the baroque (Çev. T. Conley). University of Minnesota Press.
  • Dennett, D. C. (1978). Beliefs about beliefs [P&W, SR&B]. Behavioral and brain sciences, 1, 568–570. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00076664
  • Dorfles, G. (1975). Kitsch: The world of bad taste (4. baskı). Universe Books.
  • Dreyfus, H. L. (1972). What computers can’t do. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
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  • e-Skop. (2024, 28 Şubat). Pasajlar: Kitsch felsefesi. https://www.e-skop.com/skopbulten/pasajlar-kitsch-felsefesi/6722#_ednref3
  • Enquist, M. ve Arak, A. (1994). Symmetry, beauty and evolution. Nature, 372(6502), 169–172. https://doi.org/10.1038/372169a0
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  • Greenberg, C. (1989). Art and culture: Critical essays. Beacon.
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Bilgi sonrası türetim çağında kitsch ve sanat

Yıl 2025, Sayı: Yapay zekâ ve sanat özel sayısı, 263 - 287, 22.10.2025

Kutlu Gürelli

https://doi.org/10.46372/arts.1744012

Öz

Bu çalışma, Batı sanatının son 400 yıllık sürecinde insan yaratıcılığına yönelik anlamın dönüşümünü, yapay zekâ eksenli tartışmalar çerçevesinde ele almaktadır. Tarım ve endüstri devrimleriyle kıyaslanabilecek tarihsel bir eşikte, üretim ve yaratıcı eylemin dönüşen anlamları tartışılmaktadır. Mevcut büyük dil modellerinin (LLM) istatistiksel mimetik otomatlar olduğu, insan benzeri bilinç ve genel zekâdan (AGI) kategorik olarak farklılaştığı görüşüne yer verilirken, bu modellerin insan-makine etkileşiminde yarattığı kaygı ve etik sorunlara dikkat çekilmektedir. Sanat tarihindeki kopya/orijinal ve yapay/otantik ayrımları, endüstriyel üretim modelleri ile belirginleşen hesaplayıcı zekâ ve düşünen akıl karşıtlığı ile teknikte ve sanatta gerilim hatları olarak tartışılır. Dijitalleşerek hızlanan endüstrinin yapay zekâ aracılığıyla kitsch’i otomatikleşmiş bir türetim modeliyle, biçim ve düşüncede yaydığı vurgulanır. Çalışma, insan zihninin karmaşıklığı ile yapay zekânın hesaplayıcı doğası arasındaki farkı; neoliberal endüstriyel kitsch ile anlam, eylem ve yaratıcılıkta insan ölçekli değerler ekseninde karşıtlıklar olarak ele alarak, bu yeni teknolojik dönemin toplumsal, etik ve sanatsal boyutlarını tartışmaya açmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sanat yapay zekâ bilgi sonrası kiç slop

Kaynakça

  • Alonso, C. A. (2025, 1 Şubat). AGI and emergent properties: How complexity shapes intelligence and creativity. Medium. https://medium.com/@carlos_15900/agi-and-emergent-properties-how-complexity-shapes-intelligence-and-creativity-39f5198f4bc5
  • Artun, A. (2019, 19 Ocak). Bakış açısı, perspektif ve öznenin oluşumu (Ulus Baker Okumaları). e-skop. https://www.e-skop.com/skopbulten/bakis-acisi-perspektif-ve-oznenin-olusumu-ulus-baker-okumalari/4348
  • Bauman, Z. ve Lyon, D. (2020). Akışkan gözetim (2. Basım) (Çev. E. Yılmaz). Ayrıntı.
  • Baxandall, M. (1972/2015). 15. yüzyılda sanat ve deneyim (Çev. İ. Türkmen). İletişim.
  • Benjamin, W. (2014). Pasajlar (11. Baskı) (Çev. A. Cemal). Yapı Kredi.
  • Berger, J. (1986). Görme biçimleri (Çev. Y. Salman). Metis.
  • Biever, C. (2023). ChatGPT broke the Turing test — The race is on for new ways to assess AI. Nature, 620(7972), 17–19. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-02361-7
  • Bogard, W. (2012). Deleuze and machines: A politics of technology? D. Savat ve M. Poster (Ed.), Deleuze and new technology. (s. 15-31). Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633364.003.0002
  • Broch, H. (1975). Notes on the problem of kitsch. G. Dorfles ve V. Menkes (Ed.), Kitsch: the world of bad taste (s. 49-76). Universe Books.
  • Calinescu, M. (1987). Five faces of modernity: Modernism, avant-garde, decadence, kitsch, postmodernism. Duke University Press.
  • Call, J. ve Tomasello, M. (2008). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? 30 years later. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(5), 187–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2008.02.010
  • Chomsky, N., Roberts, I. ve Watumull, J. (2023, 8 Mart). The false promise of ChatGPT. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/08/opinion/noam-chomsky-chatgpt-ai.html
  • Ciaunica, A., Shmeleva, E. V. ve Levin, M. (2023). The brain is not mental! Coupling neuronal and immune cellular processing in human organisms. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1057622
  • Cohen, D. ve Kubovy, M. (1993). Mental rotation, mental representation, and flat slopes. Cognitive Psychology, 25(3), 351–382. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1993.1009
  • Crawford, K. (2023, 27 Kasım). Generative AI’s growing backlash. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/generative-ai-backlash/
  • Crawford, K. (2024, 31 Ekim). The human cost of our AI-driven future. Noema magazine. https://www.noemamag.com/the-human-cost-of-our-ai-driven-future/
  • Cuthbertson, A. (2025, 10 Temmuz). ChatGPT is pushing people towards mania, psychosis and death - and OpenAI doesn’t know how to stop it. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/chatgpt-ai-therapy-chatbot-psychosis-mental-health-b2784454.html
  • Data Studios. (2025, 18 Temmuz). ChatGPT has a ghost in the machine, according to OpenAI investor Lewis—the discovery of mirrorth. https://www.datastudios.org/post/chatgpt-has-a-ghost-in-the-machine-according-to-openai-investor-lewis-the-discovery-of-mirrorth
  • Deleuze, G. (1993). The fold: Leibniz and the baroque (Çev. T. Conley). University of Minnesota Press.
  • Dennett, D. C. (1978). Beliefs about beliefs [P&W, SR&B]. Behavioral and brain sciences, 1, 568–570. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00076664
  • Dorfles, G. (1975). Kitsch: The world of bad taste (4. baskı). Universe Books.
  • Dreyfus, H. L. (1972). What computers can’t do. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
  • Dreyfus, H. L. (1992). What computers still can’t do: A critique of artificial reason. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
  • e-Skop. (2024, 28 Şubat). Pasajlar: Kitsch felsefesi. https://www.e-skop.com/skopbulten/pasajlar-kitsch-felsefesi/6722#_ednref3
  • Enquist, M. ve Arak, A. (1994). Symmetry, beauty and evolution. Nature, 372(6502), 169–172. https://doi.org/10.1038/372169a0
  • Fromm, E. (1941/2016). Özgürlükten kaçış (2. baskı) (Çev. Ayda Yörükan). Say.
  • Futurism. (2025, 7 Temmuz). “ChatGPT psychosis”: Experts warn that people are losing themselves to AI. Futurism. https://futurism.com/chatgpt-psychosis
  • Futurism. (2025, 18 Temmuz). A prominent OpenAI investor appears to be suffering a ChatGPT‑related mental health crisis, his peers say. Futurism. https://futurism.com/openai-investor-chatgpt-mental-health
  • Geng, J., Huang, D. ve De la Torre, F. (2022). DensePose from WiFi (arXiv:2301.00250). arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.00250
  • Gombrich, E. H. (1950/1997). Sanatın öyküsü. (16. baskı) (Çev. E. Erduran ve Ö. Erduran). Remzi.
  • Greenberg, C. (1989). Art and culture: Critical essays. Beacon.
  • Gürelli, K. (2024). Sanatın icadından yapay zekâya kontrol mekanizması olarak temsiller. ARTS: Artuklu sanat ve beşeri bilimler dergisi (Çağdaş sanat özel sayısı), 27–50. https://doi.org/10.46372/arts.1523731
  • Hayward, J. ve Meraglia, J. (2011). DNA marking and authentication: A unique, secure anti-counterfeiting program for the electronics industry. International symposium on microelectronics, 2011, 000107–000112. https://doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-TA3-Paper5
  • Herbert, F. (1965/2005). Dune. Hodder.
  • Jones, C. ve Bergen, B. (2024). Does GPT-4 pass the turing test? 2024 The North American chapter of the association for computational linguistics: Human language technologies konferansı bildiri özetleri kittapçığı. (1. Cilt) (s. 5183–5210). https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.20216
  • Kahle, B. (1997). Preserving the internet. Scientific American, 276(3), 82–83. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican031997-4pGAwcm6xVH2Z3BjThPC6M
  • Kenaw, S. (2008). Hubert L. Dreyfus’s critique of classical AI and its rationalist assumptions. Minds & Machines, 18(2), 227–238. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225233726_Hubert_L_Dreyfus's_Critique_of_Classical_AI_and_its_Rationalist_Assumption
  • Kulka, T. (1996). Kitsch and art. Penn State University Press.
  • Kundera, M. (2014). Varolmanın dayanılmaz hafifliği (41. baskı) (Çev. F. Özgüven). İletişim.
  • Kundera, M. (1989). Roman sanatı (Çev. İ. Yerguz). AFA Yayınları.
  • Lewis, G. [@GeoffLewisOrg]. (2025, 17 Temmuz). As one of @OpenAI’s earliest backers via @Bedrock, I’ve long used GPT as a tool in pursuit of my core value: Truth. [Tweet]. X (eski adıyla Twitter). https://x.com/GeoffLewisOrg/status/1945864963374887401
  • Little, A. C., Jones, B. C. ve DeBruine, L. M. (2011). Facial attractiveness: Evolutionary based research. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366(1571), 1638–1659. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0404
  • Marcus, G. (2025, Temmuz 13). How o3 and Grok 4 accidentally vindicated neurosymbolic AI. Marcus on AI. https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/how-o3-and-grok-4-accidentally-vindicated
  • Marcus, G. (2025). Generative AI is fundamentally unreliable—and there’s no apparent solution. Project Syndicate. https://www.project-syndicate.org/magazine/generative-ai-fundamentally-unreliable-and-with-no-apparent-solution-by-gary-marcus-2025-06
  • Marcus, G. (2023, 26 Ekim). Generative AI’s crippling and widespread failure to induce robust models of the world. Marcus on AI. https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/generative-ais-crippling-and-widespread
  • Marcus, G. ve Davis, E. (2020). Rebooting AI: Building artificial intelligence we can trust. Pantheon.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (2012). Phenomenology of perception (Çev. D. A. Landes). Routledge.
  • Mitchell, M. (2021). Artificial intelligence: A guide for thinking humans. Penguin.
  • Mitchell, M. (2023, 27 Haziran). What is intelligence? Santa Fe Institute. https://www.santafe.edu/culture/podcasts/ep-1-what-is-intelligence
  • Møller, A. P. ve Thornhill, R. (1998). Bilateral symmetry and sexual selection: A meta-analysis. The American naturalist, 152(1), 174–192. https://doi.org/10.1086/286110
  • Mori, M. (1970). The uncanny valley (Çev. K. F. MacDorman ve N. Kageki). Energy, 7(4), 33–35.
  • Nalbantoğlu, H. Ü. (2009). Arayışlar: Bilim, kültür, üniversite. İletişim.
  • Nerdrum, O. (t.y.). What is Kitsch? Nerdrum.com. Erişim tarihi: 21 Temmuz 2025, https://nerdrum.com/kitsch/
  • OpenTools. (2025, 9 Temmuz). Chatbot psychosis: The alarming ethical dilemma of AI in mental health. OpenTools. https://opentools.ai/news/chatbot-psychosis-the-alarming-ethical-dilemma-of-ai-in-mental-health
  • Oppy, G. ve Dowe, D. (2021). The Turing test. E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy içinde (Kış 2021 basımı). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/turing-test/
  • Opus, C. ve Lawsen, A. (2025). The illusion of the illusion of thinking: A response to Shojaee et al. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09250v1
  • Ortlieb, S. ve Carbon, C. C. (2019). A functional model of kitsch and art: Linking aesthetic appreciation to the dynamics of social motivation. Frontiers in psychology, 9, Makale 2437. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02437
  • Oshii, M. (Yönetmen). (1995). Ghost in the shell [Film]. Production I.G.
  • Østergaard S. D. (2023). Will generative artificial intelligence chatbots generate delusions in individuals prone to psychosis?. Schizophrenia bulletin, 49(6), 1418–1419. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbad128
  • Pasquinelli, M. (2016). Abnormal encephalization in the age of machine learning. e-flux Journal, 75. https://www.e-flux.com/journal/75/67133/abnormal-encephalization-in-the-age-of-machine-learning
  • Pasquinelli, M. (2019). Three thousand years of algorithmic rituals: The emergence of AI from the computation of space. e-flux Journal, 101. https://www.e-flux.com/journal/101/273221/three-thousand-years-of-algorithmic-rituals-the-emergence-of-ai-from-the-computation-of-space
  • Pasquinelli, M. (2023). The eye of the master: A social history of artificial intelligence. Verso Books.
  • Pasquinelli, M. (2023). The automation of general intelligence. e-flux Journal, 141. https://www.e-flux.com/journal/141/577253/the-automation-of-general-intelligence
  • Premack, D. ve Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and brain sciences, 1(4), 515–526. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00076512
  • Riout, D. (2013). Kitsch. B. Cassin (Ed.), içinde, Dictionary of untranslatables: A philosophical lexicon (ss. 538–539). Princeton University Press.
  • Santos, G. (2022). Emergentism. V. P. Glăveanu (Ed.), The Palgrave encyclopedia of the possible içinde. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90913-0_167
  • SCP Foundation. (2024, 19 Ocak). Guide for newcomers. Wikidot. Erişim tarihi: 20 Temmuz 2025, https://scp-wiki.wikidot.com/guide-for-newcomers
  • Shiner, L. (2004). Sanatın icadı: Bir kültür tarihi (Çev. İ. Türkmen,). Ayrıntı.
  • Shojaee, P., Mirzadeh, I., Alizadeh, K., Horton, M., Bengio, S. ve Farajtabar, M. (2025, 7 Haziran). The illusion of thinking: Understanding the strengths and limitations of reasoning models via the lens of problem complexity. Apple machine learning research. https://machinelearning.apple.com/research/illusion-of-thinking
  • Tsoukalas, I. (2018). Theory of mind: Towards an evolutionary theory. Evolutionary psychological science, 4, 38–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-017-0112-x
  • Turing, A. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59(236), 433–460.
  • Tyler, C. W. (1995). Empirical aspects of symmetry perception. Spatial vision, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856895X00176
  • Wagemans, J., Elder, J. H., Kubovy, M., Palmer, S. E., Peterson, M. A., Singh, M. ve von der Heydt, R. (2012). A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure-ground organization. Psychological bulletin, 138(6), 1172–1217. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029333
  • Warneke, B. A., Last, M., Liebowitz, B. ve Pister, K. S. J. (2001). Smart dust: Communicating with a cubic-millimeter computer. Computer, 34(1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1109/2.895117
  • Wimmer, H. ve Perner, J. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children’s understanding of deception. Cognition, 13(1), 103–128.
  • Yalçınkaya, G. (2025). Digital Dada or Futurist slop? An investigation into brainrot as art. Plaster magazine. https://plastermagazine.com/features/brainrot-art/
Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sanat ve Kültür Politikası
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Kutlu Gürelli 0000-0002-1103-3057

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 12 Ekim 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: Yapay zekâ ve sanat özel sayısı

Kaynak Göster

APA Gürelli, K. (2025). Bilgi sonrası türetim çağında kitsch ve sanat. ARTS: Artuklu Sanat ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi(Yapay zekâ ve sanat özel sayısı), 263-287. https://doi.org/10.46372/arts.1744012
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