Abstract
Teknolojinin her geçen gün gelişmesiyle, mimarlık ve tasarım alanlarında da sürekli gelecek senaryoları üretilerek, alternatif mekânlar kurgulanmaktadır. Teknolojik destekle modellenen bilim kurgu setleri, sanal gerçeklik ve arttırılmış gerçeklik aracılığıyla mevcut düzende elde edilemeyen deneyimler sunulmaktadır. Oysa bilim ve teknoloji desteğiyle kurgulanan alternatif mekân arayışı, bugüne özgü olmayıp endüstriyel devrimle başladığı ve 19. yüzyıl ile üst düzeye ulaştığı William Heath tarafından 1829’da üretilen Akıl Yürüyüşü karikatüründe de görülür. Heath’ten günümüze; gerçeklik sınırlarını zorlayarak üretilen bu mekânlarda her şey sahte, sanal ya da kurgusal mıdır, yoksa bu gerçek dışılık ardında bir gerçek var mıdır, net bir biçimde sunulmaz. Lacan gerçeği mevcutta var olmayan bir gerçekliği yaratma arzusu ve bu arzuyu formüle ederek şekillendiren düzeni olarak tanımlar. Fantastik, teknolojik, gelecekçi mekânların ortaya çıkmasının ardında yatan sebep olan gerçek her zaman gizli olup kurgu tarafından maskelenmiştir. Bu maskenin kaldırılmasını ve gerçeği yani kurgusal mekânı formüle eden dışsal etkiyi aramak için bu makalede erişilebilen en erken kentsel, mimari bilim kurgusal görüntü olan William Heath’in Akıl Yürüyüşü karikatürü ele alınarak kurgudaki gerçeklik yerine kurgunun gerçeği araştırılmıştır. Bunu yaparken çağdaş filozof Slavoj Zizek’in Lacancı psikanalize dayanan trilojisi; imgesel gerçek, simgesel gerçek ve gerçek gerçek kavramları kullanılarak, gerçek üç kategoride incelenmiştir. Sonuçta geçmişteki geleceğin iletişime dayalı bir etki alanıyla kurgulandığı saptanmış ve Zizek’in trilojisi gerçeği aramakta kullanılabilecek bir yöntem olarak önerilmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Baron, X. (1997). London 1066-1914: Literary Sources & Documents (2. Baskı). Robertsbridge: Helm Information.
- Baudelaire, C. (2010). The Painter of Modern Life (Çev. P. E. Charvet). Londra: Penguin.
- Butler, R. (2014). The Zizek Dictionary (1. Baskı). Londra: Routledge.
- Campbell, J. (2007). Building St Paul's (1. Baskı). Londra: Thames & Hudson.
- Certeau, M. D. (1984). The Practice of Everyday Life (1. Baskı). Berkeley: University of California.
- Clute, J. ve Nicholls, P. (1993). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (2. Baskı). Londra: Orbit.
- Crary, J. (1990). Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century (1. Baskı). Massachusetts: MIT.
- Davis, T. ve Nash, J. (1966). John Nash: The Prince Regent's Architect (1. Baskı). Londra: Country Life.
- De Sapio, J. (2014). Modernity and Meaning in Victorian London: Tourist Views of the Imperial Capital (1. Baskı). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Edgerton, D. (2019). The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History since 1900. Londra: Profile.
- Evans, D. (1996). An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis (1. Baskı). Londra: Routledge.
- Foucault, M. (1984). Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias. MIT. https://web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/foucault1.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 24 Ocak 2021
- Freud, S. (1961). Beyond the Pleasure Principle (Çev. J. Strachey). New York: W. W. Norton.
- Freud, S. (1999). The Interpretation of Dreams (Çev. J. Crick). Oxford: Oxford University.
- George, M. D. (1954). March of Intellect. The British Library. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1948-0217-34 Erişim Tarihi: 2 Ocak 2021
- Gideon, S. (1959). Space, Time and Architecture (3. Baskı). Massachusetts: Harvard University.
- Heath, W. (1829). Akıl Yürüyüşü (March of Intellect). Britanya Müzesinin ticari olmayan amaçla kullanım izni ile: The Trustees of the British Museum https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1948-0217-34 Erişim Tarihi: 20 Kasım 2020
- Hobsbawm, E. (2009). The Age of Revolution, 1789–1848. Londra: Abacus.
- Homer, S. (2013). Jacques Lacan (Çev. A. Aydın). Ankara: Phoenix.
- Kunze, D. ve Bertolini, C. (2013). Architecture Post Mortem: The Diastolic Architecture of Decline, Dystopia, and Death (1. Baskı). Burlington: Ashgate.
- Lacan, J., Miller, J. A. ve Sheridan, A. (1979). The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-analysis, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book XI (Çev. A. Sheridan). Harmondsworth: Penguin.
- Lacan J., & Fink, B. (2006). Ecrits: The first complete edition in English (1. Baskı) (Çev. B. Fink). New York: W. W. Norton.
- Latham, R. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Science Fiction (1. Baskı). New York: Oxford University.
- Lefebvre, H. (1992). The Production of Space (Çev. D. N. Smith)(1. Baskı). USA: Blackwell.
- Maidment, B. (2001). Reading Popular Prints, 1790-1870 (2. Baskı). Manchester: Manchester University.
- Maidment, B. (2021). Robert Seymour and Nineteenth Century Print Culture (1. Baskı). New York: Routledge.
- Mairs, J. (2017, 17 Ocak). Nine Visions for Lunar Architecture Revealed in Moontopia Competition. Dezeen. https://www.dezeen.com/2017/01/17/nine-visions-lunar-architecture-moon-moontopia-competition Erişim Tarihi: 24 Mart 2021
- Mellby, J. (2015). William Heath (1794/5–1840): The man wots got the whip hand of em all. The British Art Journal, 16(3), 3-19. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24913982 Erişim Tarihi: 5 Haziran 2021
- Morus, I. R. (2014, 10 Kasım). Future Perfect: Social Progress: High Speed Transport and Electricity Everywhere. How the Victorians Invented the Future. Aeron. https://aeon.co/essays/how-the-victorians-invented-the-future-for-us Erişim Tarihi: 10 Şubat 2021
- Nally, C. (2019). Steampunk: Gender, Subculture and the Neo-Victorian (1. Baskı). Londra: Bloomsbury Academic.
- Ovenden, M. (2020). Underground Cities: Mapping the Tunnels, Transits and Networks Underneath Our Feet (1. Baskı). Londra: Frances Lincoln.
- Palmer, A. (2020). Historical Dictionary of Neoclassical Art and Architecture (2. Baskı). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
- Salmon, F. (2000). Building on Ruins: The Rediscovery of Rome and English Architecture (1. Baskı). Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Sharp, T. (2012, 17 Temmuz). The First Powered Airship: The Greatest Moments in Flight. SPACE. https://www.space.com/16623-first-powered-airship.html Erişim Tarihi: 24 Şubat 2021
- Sheehan, S. (2012). Zizek: A Guide for the Perplexed (1. Baskı). Londra: Continuum.
- Shelley, M. (2018). Frankenstein: The 1818 text. West Midlands: Clarity. (Özgün Eser 1818 tarihlidir).
- Soja, E. (1996). Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real and Imagined Places (1. Baskı). Oxford: Blackwell.
- Stableford, B. M. (2006). Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia (1. Baskı). Londra: Routledge.
- Wigley, M. (1995). White Walls, Designer Dresses: The Fashioning of Modern Architecture (1. Baskı). Massachusetts: MIT.
- Woodyatt, A. (2021, 16 Mart). Scientists Want to Build a Doomsday Vault on the Moon. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/16/world/lunar-ark-intl-scli-scn/index.html Erişim Tarihi: 24 Mart 2021
- Zizek, S. (1991). Looking Awry: An Introduction to Jacques Lacan Through Popular Culture (1. Baskı). Massachusetts: MIT.
- Zizek, S. (2012). Organs Without Bodies: On Deleuze and Consequences (1. Baskı). New York: Routledge.
The Future in the Past: Reading the Real in Science Fiction Through the Architectural and Urban Reality of the City
Abstract
With the development of technology day by day, architectural and urban design have instantly conceived future scenarios along with production of alternative fictional spaces that appropriate to these scenarios. The experiences that cannot be received in reality can be seized via the science fiction sets, virtual reality or augmented reality that are produced by supporting technology such as computer aided modelling. However, it is seen that the pursuit of the alternative spaces with the support of science and technology is not unique to today since it started with the industrial revolution and reached the top level in the 19th century as seen in the March of Intellect cartoon published by William Heath in 1829, the earliest accessible architectural science fiction image. Nonetheless, it is not obviously presented that whether everything is unreal and fake or there is any sense of real embedded in these alternative spaces that push the boundaries of reality. Desire to create a new reality that does not exist, and the organization to respond to this desire is coined as the real by Lacan. The real, which is the reason behind the emergence of these fantastic, technological, futuristic spaces is always hidden and masked by fictional reality. In order to remove this mask to find the external impulse that organises fictional space, by taking into consideration William Heath's cartoon named March of Intellect in 1829; the real in the fiction has been investigated instead of the reality in the fiction. In doing so, as in the trilogy of the contemporary philosopher Slavoj Zizek based on Lacanian psychoanalysis; the real is approached in three categories: the imaginary real, the symbolic real and the real real. As a result, it has been determined that the future in the past is constructed with a communicative domain while the trilogy of Zizek is proposed as a method for those who seek for the real.
References
- Baron, X. (1997). London 1066-1914: Literary Sources & Documents (2. Baskı). Robertsbridge: Helm Information.
- Baudelaire, C. (2010). The Painter of Modern Life (Çev. P. E. Charvet). Londra: Penguin.
- Butler, R. (2014). The Zizek Dictionary (1. Baskı). Londra: Routledge.
- Campbell, J. (2007). Building St Paul's (1. Baskı). Londra: Thames & Hudson.
- Certeau, M. D. (1984). The Practice of Everyday Life (1. Baskı). Berkeley: University of California.
- Clute, J. ve Nicholls, P. (1993). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (2. Baskı). Londra: Orbit.
- Crary, J. (1990). Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century (1. Baskı). Massachusetts: MIT.
- Davis, T. ve Nash, J. (1966). John Nash: The Prince Regent's Architect (1. Baskı). Londra: Country Life.
- De Sapio, J. (2014). Modernity and Meaning in Victorian London: Tourist Views of the Imperial Capital (1. Baskı). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Edgerton, D. (2019). The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History since 1900. Londra: Profile.
- Evans, D. (1996). An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis (1. Baskı). Londra: Routledge.
- Foucault, M. (1984). Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias. MIT. https://web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/foucault1.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 24 Ocak 2021
- Freud, S. (1961). Beyond the Pleasure Principle (Çev. J. Strachey). New York: W. W. Norton.
- Freud, S. (1999). The Interpretation of Dreams (Çev. J. Crick). Oxford: Oxford University.
- George, M. D. (1954). March of Intellect. The British Library. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1948-0217-34 Erişim Tarihi: 2 Ocak 2021
- Gideon, S. (1959). Space, Time and Architecture (3. Baskı). Massachusetts: Harvard University.
- Heath, W. (1829). Akıl Yürüyüşü (March of Intellect). Britanya Müzesinin ticari olmayan amaçla kullanım izni ile: The Trustees of the British Museum https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1948-0217-34 Erişim Tarihi: 20 Kasım 2020
- Hobsbawm, E. (2009). The Age of Revolution, 1789–1848. Londra: Abacus.
- Homer, S. (2013). Jacques Lacan (Çev. A. Aydın). Ankara: Phoenix.
- Kunze, D. ve Bertolini, C. (2013). Architecture Post Mortem: The Diastolic Architecture of Decline, Dystopia, and Death (1. Baskı). Burlington: Ashgate.
- Lacan, J., Miller, J. A. ve Sheridan, A. (1979). The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-analysis, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book XI (Çev. A. Sheridan). Harmondsworth: Penguin.
- Lacan J., & Fink, B. (2006). Ecrits: The first complete edition in English (1. Baskı) (Çev. B. Fink). New York: W. W. Norton.
- Latham, R. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Science Fiction (1. Baskı). New York: Oxford University.
- Lefebvre, H. (1992). The Production of Space (Çev. D. N. Smith)(1. Baskı). USA: Blackwell.
- Maidment, B. (2001). Reading Popular Prints, 1790-1870 (2. Baskı). Manchester: Manchester University.
- Maidment, B. (2021). Robert Seymour and Nineteenth Century Print Culture (1. Baskı). New York: Routledge.
- Mairs, J. (2017, 17 Ocak). Nine Visions for Lunar Architecture Revealed in Moontopia Competition. Dezeen. https://www.dezeen.com/2017/01/17/nine-visions-lunar-architecture-moon-moontopia-competition Erişim Tarihi: 24 Mart 2021
- Mellby, J. (2015). William Heath (1794/5–1840): The man wots got the whip hand of em all. The British Art Journal, 16(3), 3-19. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24913982 Erişim Tarihi: 5 Haziran 2021
- Morus, I. R. (2014, 10 Kasım). Future Perfect: Social Progress: High Speed Transport and Electricity Everywhere. How the Victorians Invented the Future. Aeron. https://aeon.co/essays/how-the-victorians-invented-the-future-for-us Erişim Tarihi: 10 Şubat 2021
- Nally, C. (2019). Steampunk: Gender, Subculture and the Neo-Victorian (1. Baskı). Londra: Bloomsbury Academic.
- Ovenden, M. (2020). Underground Cities: Mapping the Tunnels, Transits and Networks Underneath Our Feet (1. Baskı). Londra: Frances Lincoln.
- Palmer, A. (2020). Historical Dictionary of Neoclassical Art and Architecture (2. Baskı). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
- Salmon, F. (2000). Building on Ruins: The Rediscovery of Rome and English Architecture (1. Baskı). Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Sharp, T. (2012, 17 Temmuz). The First Powered Airship: The Greatest Moments in Flight. SPACE. https://www.space.com/16623-first-powered-airship.html Erişim Tarihi: 24 Şubat 2021
- Sheehan, S. (2012). Zizek: A Guide for the Perplexed (1. Baskı). Londra: Continuum.
- Shelley, M. (2018). Frankenstein: The 1818 text. West Midlands: Clarity. (Özgün Eser 1818 tarihlidir).
- Soja, E. (1996). Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real and Imagined Places (1. Baskı). Oxford: Blackwell.
- Stableford, B. M. (2006). Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia (1. Baskı). Londra: Routledge.
- Wigley, M. (1995). White Walls, Designer Dresses: The Fashioning of Modern Architecture (1. Baskı). Massachusetts: MIT.
- Woodyatt, A. (2021, 16 Mart). Scientists Want to Build a Doomsday Vault on the Moon. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/16/world/lunar-ark-intl-scli-scn/index.html Erişim Tarihi: 24 Mart 2021
- Zizek, S. (1991). Looking Awry: An Introduction to Jacques Lacan Through Popular Culture (1. Baskı). Massachusetts: MIT.
- Zizek, S. (2012). Organs Without Bodies: On Deleuze and Consequences (1. Baskı). New York: Routledge.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Urban Policy, Psychology |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 16, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 |
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