Research Article
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Dijital dünyada dikey ekran: Dikey kısa filmlerin yeni anlatı biçimi

Year 2022, Issue: Dijitalleşme Özel Sayısı, 9 - 25, 01.12.2022

Özgür Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.46372/arts.1197479

Abstract

Sanat dallarından teknolojiyle en iç içe olan sinema, teknolojinin değişmesi ve gelişmesiyle tarihsel süreç içerisinde birçok değişime uğramıştır. Teknoloji, özellikle sinemanın üretim ve tüketim biçimini etkilemiştir. Bu etkilerden biri de film üretimi ve tüketiminin mobil cihazlara taşınmasında gerçekleşmiştir. Kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşan cep telefonları bu değişimin ortasında yer almaktadır. Dikey ekranlı cep telefonları, sadece bir iletişim aracı olmaktan çıkıp film üretimine ve tüketimine de dâhil olmuştur. Bu durum düşünüldüğünde dikey ekran için görsel içerik üretimi de artmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, özellikle son on yıldır giderek artan dikey çerçeveleme ile üretilen kısa film alanına ilişkin bir inceleme yapmaktır. Bu amaçla, dikey kısa film alanında gerçekleştirilen çevrimiçi festivallerdeki kısa filmler incelenerek, dikey anlatının kısa filmlerdeki içerik, biçim ve özellikleri ortaya konmaktadır. Çalışmada elli kısa filmin ortak özellikleri incelenerek; anlatıları, çerçeveleme teknikleri ve kamera hareketleri bağlamında dijital dönüşümün dikey anlatı olarak kısa filmlerdeki etkileri tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

dikey ekran anlatı biçimi kısa film film festivalleri dikey anlatı

References

  • Aguilera Ochoa, C. (Director). (2021). Doing is Love [Film]. Cristina Aguilera Ochoa. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/doing-is-love/
  • Alexandrov, O. (2020, 23 January). The era of vertical video is here – How to embrace it?. Digital agency network. https://digitalagencynetwork.com/the-era-of-vertical-video-is-here-how-to-embrace-it/
  • Avendano, C. (Director). (2021). Yesterday [Film]. Ximena Lopez & Mariana Zayas. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/yesterday/
  • Azcarate, M. (Director). (2017). Bicho [Film]. Mariana Azcarte. https://youtu.be/Faxg16wxikw
  • Barbetta, T. (Director). (2022). Chase, Stay on Track [Film]. Superbad-ass. https://youtu.be/0AqlTpALMbI Bekmambetov, T. & Trofimov, S. (Directors). (2021). V2. Escape from Hell [Film]. Bazelevs.
  • Belova, D. (Director). (2022). Life: Love [Film]. Diana Belova. https://youtu.be/tYZMgw43cF0
  • Bohorquez, L. F. (Director). (2022). Sombra [Film]. Karla Espinel. https://youtu.be/XozoW_5V2Mw
  • Bolter, J. & Grusin, R. (2000). Remediation: Understanding new media (1. edition). MIT.
  • Buckley, C., Campe, R. & Casetti, F. (2019). Introduction. C. Buckley, R. Campe & F. Casetti (Ed.), Screen genealogies: From optical device to environmental medium (1. edition) (p. 7-26). Amsterdam University.
  • Bukatman, S. (1993). Terminal identity: The virtual subject in postmodern science fiction (1. edition). Duke University.
  • Caballero Brito, D. A. (Director). (2022). The Tunnel [Film]. Diana Aurora Caballero Brito, Guillermo Meza & David Munoz Velasco. https://youtu.be/1rimk7qi1nA
  • Carro, A. (Director). (2022). When in Doubt [Film]. Sandra Montoya, Andrea Carro & Ana Silvia Cantu. https://youtu.be/Qi-A0OXKAM8
  • Cavender, F. (Director). (2016). Tilt [Film]. Fred Cavender. https://vimeo.com/166549766
  • Cervantes, A. (Director). (2021). Tlahuelpuchi [Film]. Alejandro Cervantes & Carlos Blas Ramos. https://youtu.be/Ssg2drb1UHU
  • Chazelle, D. (Director). (2020). The Stunt Double [Video]. Apple.
  • Clayton, R. (2021). The context of vertical filmmaking literature. Quarterly review of film and video, 39(3), 644-655. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509208.2021.1874853
  • Cossar, H. (2009). The shape of new media: Screen space, aspect ratios, and digitextuality. Journal of film and video, 61(4), 3-16. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20688644
  • d’Autilia, C. (Director). (2022). Nuvelo d’Oceano [Film]. Carlo d’Autilia. https://youtu.be/KiUj9TcT29w
  • Elcott, N. M. (2019). Material. Human. Divine. Notes on the vertical screen. C. Buckley, R. Campe & F. Casetti (Ed.), Screen genealogies: From optical device to environmental medium (1. edition) (p. 293-319). Amsterdam University.
  • Eno, B. (1985). Thursday Afternoon [Eponymous composition]. -.
  • Flic, J. (1970). Vertical Cinemascope [Visual system]. -.
  • Fox, M. K. (Director). (2016). Girl [Film]. Megan K. Fox. https://vimeo.com/163309100
  • Francis, W. (Director). (2022). Writer’s Block [Film]. A Francis films. https://youtu.be/rEvaJlTESVM
  • Frantsuzova, A. (Director). (2021). You Can [Film]. Frantsuzova & Melnikova. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/you-can/
  • Galindo, A. (Director). (2022). Tulipan Rojo [Film]. Fabiola Chavez & Miguel Galindo. https://youtu.be/NCiIfZCt1lU
  • Ganz, A. & Khatib, L. (2006). Digital cinema: The transformation of film practice and aesthetics. New cinemas: Journal of contemporary film, 4(1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.1386/ncin.4.1.21_1
  • Gene, C. W. (Director). (2022). Winter Breeze [Film]. Choi Woo Gene. https://youtu.be/Ed3oZT64s08
  • Gevorgyan, A. (Director). (2022). La Beaute [Film]. Argam Gevorgyan & Nikita Shestakov. https://youtu.be/d8mWnEEcNnU
  • Hayes, A. (2022, 28 March). 5 reasons to start using vertical video on social media. Wyzowl. https://www.wyzowl.com/vertical-video/
  • Heo, C. (Director). (2021). New Normal [Film]. Chul Heo DGK. https://youtu.be/hTPEgDyFp8E
  • Hovet, T. (2017). The persistence of the rectangle. Film history, 29(3), 136-168. https://doi.org/10.2979/filmhistory.29.3.06
  • Irigoin, M. (Director). (2022). Catapultete [Film]. Loquillos TV. https://youtu.be/jYlr5bGU2B4
  • Jegat, H. & Vioux, Y. (Directors). (2021). Pop [Film]. Hubert Jegat & Yohan Vioux. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/pop/
  • Jelsikova, V. (Director). (2017). Golden Delicious [Film]. Veronika Jelsikova. https://vimeo.com/285307332
  • Kashcheeva, D. (Director). (2017). To Accept [Film]. Daria Lashcheeva. https://vimeo.com/218287515
  • Krakauer, J. (2022, 27 July). 10 tips for rocking vertical video on social in 2022. Sculpt. https://wearesculpt.com/blog/vertical-video/
  • Lada, M. (Director). (2022). Fu**ed [Film]. Panska. https://youtu.be/4jr6_-0iCUg
  • Lappalainen, A. (Director). (2018). Palkattomat Pojat [Film]. Aleski Lappalainen. https://vimeo.com/301469489
  • Less, K. L. (Director). (2021). Trespass [Film]. Halo One. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/trespass/
  • Lips, P. (Directors). (2018). The Jacaranda [Film]. Eliana Bunimov Behrens. https://vimeo.com/270572424
  • Martin, C. (Director). (2016). Theo [Film]. Cedric Martin. https://vimeo.com/162278530
  • Matera, E. (Director). (2022). Tic Toc [Film]. Avamat. https://youtu.be/maUdjZeBEE8
  • Menotti, G. (2019). Discourses around vertical videos: An archaeology of “wrong” aspect ratios. ARS, 17(35), 147-165. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-0447.ars.2019.140526
  • Mihci, G. M. (Director). (2021). Echo Chamber [Film]. Gurkan Maruf Mihci. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/echo-chamber/
  • Moore, E. S. & Sawra (Director). (2015). Bird Murderer [Film]. Evan Scott Moore. https://vimeo.com/419734797
  • Morozov, G. (Director). (2022). Branch [Film]. George Morozov. https://youtu.be/3EmoUiX2Ccc
  • Munoz Velasco, D. (Director). (2022). Voice Mail [Film]. Diana Aurora Caballero Brito, David Munoz Velasco, Julio F. Montero & Tere Vinas. https://youtu.be/s6sWpaF2nD4
  • Nasution, R. (Director). (2022). Portrait of a Lovely Day [Film]. Yenni Elvrida Manalu. https://youtu.be/jcM5KD3RYtA
  • Nusrat, S. (Director). (2022). Imagination [Film]. Sifat Nusrat. https://youtu.be/AF_nKP6llOQ
  • Piel-Desruisseaux, J. (Director). (2017). Comme Toi [Film]. Jerome Piel-Desruisseaux. https://vimeo.com/247673883
  • Peters, B. (2019, 19 February). Does vertical video make a difference? We spent $6,000 on tests to find out. Buffer. https://buffer.com/resources/vertical-video/
  • Prasetyo, D. (Director). (2022). She’s an Art, Isn’t She? [Film]. Imam Ghitrif Yuniandri. https://youtu.be/-d2Vx4_tj54 Ramirez Maya, N. (Director). (2021). Lilith [Film]. Nahum Ramirez Maya. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/lilith/
  • Rashova, M. (Director). (2016). The Spring Inside You [Film]. Maria Rashova. https://youtu.be/80pN2CHVND0
  • Rebeta, A. H. (Director). (2022). I Woke Up on a Little Planet [Film]. Arjanmar H. Rebeta. https://youtu.be/LgshxJJxPAE
  • Richards, M. (Director). (2015). Purgot [Film]. Four anchor island. https://vimeo.com/136370322
  • Rodriguez Garcia, D. (Director). (2022). The Incredible Casuality of Things [Film]. Daniela Rodriguez Garcia. https://youtu.be/cbUVwk_2pno
  • Rogers, A. (2019). ‘Taking the plunge’: The new immersive screens. C. Buckley, R. Campe & F. Casetti (Ed.), Screen genealogies: From optical device to environmental medium (1. edition) (p. 135-158). Amsterdam University.
  • Santorelli, A. R. (Director). (2022). Finale di Partita [Film]. Antonio Ricardo Santorelli. https://youtu.be/9paE9Fo0vZQ
  • Schmitt, E. (Director). (2016). The Santa Maria [Film]. Fabian Gasmia & Henning Kamm. https://vimeo.com/168043073
  • Solis, S. (Director). (2021). Princes Do Not Wait [Film]. Mad Mariachi. https://youtu.be/DNmIBFJFFB8
  • Suarez, S. (Director). (2021). Cenzias [Film]. Cine Pobre. https://youtu.be/F0SWgBV_kRk
  • Thompson, C. (2017, 7 September). Phones are changing how people shoot and watch video. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/thompson-smartphone-video/
  • Vidal, I. (Director). (2021). Work from Home [Film]. Isabella Vidal. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/work-from-home/
  • Waller, A. (2018). How vertical video is taking over. Socialchimp. https://www.socialchimp.com/blog/how-vertical-video-is-taking-over/
  • Whitman, R. (1964). The Shower [16mm film loop]. -.
  • Wochit (2019, 19 August). The future is vertical: The latest vertical video trends. Medium. https://medium.com/@wochit/the-future-is-vertical-the-latest-vertical-video-trends-cd613fe36ed3
  • Yan, M. (Director). (2021). The Cell [Film]. Marie Yan. https://youtu.be/vXIzqxjIW-g
  • YudisAW. (Director). (2022). A Letter [Film]. Pelampiasan Bakat. https://youtu.be/-ATwR31iFMk
  • Zemlyanyi, K. (Director). (2022). Oles Portfolio [Film]. Kyrylo Zemlyanyi. https://youtu.be/_2OgwugxMqo
  • Zhitkova, M. (Director). (2021). Hype [Film]. Maria Zhitkova. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/hype/

Vertical screen in the digital world: New narrative form of vertical short films

Year 2022, Issue: Dijitalleşme Özel Sayısı, 9 - 25, 01.12.2022

Özgür Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.46372/arts.1197479

Abstract

Technology has affected the way cinema is produced and consumed. One of these effects is the transfer of film production and consumption to mobile devices. Mobile phones with vertical screens are not only a means of communication but are also involved in film production and consumption. Given this situation, visual content production for the vertical screen has also increased. This study examines the field of short films produced with vertical framing, which has been increasing, especially in the last decade. For this purpose, the content, form, and characteristics of vertical narrative in short films are revealed by analyzing short films in online festivals organized in the field of vertical short films. The study analyzes the common features of fifty short films and discusses the effects of digital transformation on short films as vertical narratives in the context of narrative form, framing techniques, and camera movements.

Keywords

vertical screen narrative form short film film festivals vertical narrative

References

  • Aguilera Ochoa, C. (Director). (2021). Doing is Love [Film]. Cristina Aguilera Ochoa. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/doing-is-love/
  • Alexandrov, O. (2020, 23 January). The era of vertical video is here – How to embrace it?. Digital agency network. https://digitalagencynetwork.com/the-era-of-vertical-video-is-here-how-to-embrace-it/
  • Avendano, C. (Director). (2021). Yesterday [Film]. Ximena Lopez & Mariana Zayas. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/yesterday/
  • Azcarate, M. (Director). (2017). Bicho [Film]. Mariana Azcarte. https://youtu.be/Faxg16wxikw
  • Barbetta, T. (Director). (2022). Chase, Stay on Track [Film]. Superbad-ass. https://youtu.be/0AqlTpALMbI Bekmambetov, T. & Trofimov, S. (Directors). (2021). V2. Escape from Hell [Film]. Bazelevs.
  • Belova, D. (Director). (2022). Life: Love [Film]. Diana Belova. https://youtu.be/tYZMgw43cF0
  • Bohorquez, L. F. (Director). (2022). Sombra [Film]. Karla Espinel. https://youtu.be/XozoW_5V2Mw
  • Bolter, J. & Grusin, R. (2000). Remediation: Understanding new media (1. edition). MIT.
  • Buckley, C., Campe, R. & Casetti, F. (2019). Introduction. C. Buckley, R. Campe & F. Casetti (Ed.), Screen genealogies: From optical device to environmental medium (1. edition) (p. 7-26). Amsterdam University.
  • Bukatman, S. (1993). Terminal identity: The virtual subject in postmodern science fiction (1. edition). Duke University.
  • Caballero Brito, D. A. (Director). (2022). The Tunnel [Film]. Diana Aurora Caballero Brito, Guillermo Meza & David Munoz Velasco. https://youtu.be/1rimk7qi1nA
  • Carro, A. (Director). (2022). When in Doubt [Film]. Sandra Montoya, Andrea Carro & Ana Silvia Cantu. https://youtu.be/Qi-A0OXKAM8
  • Cavender, F. (Director). (2016). Tilt [Film]. Fred Cavender. https://vimeo.com/166549766
  • Cervantes, A. (Director). (2021). Tlahuelpuchi [Film]. Alejandro Cervantes & Carlos Blas Ramos. https://youtu.be/Ssg2drb1UHU
  • Chazelle, D. (Director). (2020). The Stunt Double [Video]. Apple.
  • Clayton, R. (2021). The context of vertical filmmaking literature. Quarterly review of film and video, 39(3), 644-655. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509208.2021.1874853
  • Cossar, H. (2009). The shape of new media: Screen space, aspect ratios, and digitextuality. Journal of film and video, 61(4), 3-16. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20688644
  • d’Autilia, C. (Director). (2022). Nuvelo d’Oceano [Film]. Carlo d’Autilia. https://youtu.be/KiUj9TcT29w
  • Elcott, N. M. (2019). Material. Human. Divine. Notes on the vertical screen. C. Buckley, R. Campe & F. Casetti (Ed.), Screen genealogies: From optical device to environmental medium (1. edition) (p. 293-319). Amsterdam University.
  • Eno, B. (1985). Thursday Afternoon [Eponymous composition]. -.
  • Flic, J. (1970). Vertical Cinemascope [Visual system]. -.
  • Fox, M. K. (Director). (2016). Girl [Film]. Megan K. Fox. https://vimeo.com/163309100
  • Francis, W. (Director). (2022). Writer’s Block [Film]. A Francis films. https://youtu.be/rEvaJlTESVM
  • Frantsuzova, A. (Director). (2021). You Can [Film]. Frantsuzova & Melnikova. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/you-can/
  • Galindo, A. (Director). (2022). Tulipan Rojo [Film]. Fabiola Chavez & Miguel Galindo. https://youtu.be/NCiIfZCt1lU
  • Ganz, A. & Khatib, L. (2006). Digital cinema: The transformation of film practice and aesthetics. New cinemas: Journal of contemporary film, 4(1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.1386/ncin.4.1.21_1
  • Gene, C. W. (Director). (2022). Winter Breeze [Film]. Choi Woo Gene. https://youtu.be/Ed3oZT64s08
  • Gevorgyan, A. (Director). (2022). La Beaute [Film]. Argam Gevorgyan & Nikita Shestakov. https://youtu.be/d8mWnEEcNnU
  • Hayes, A. (2022, 28 March). 5 reasons to start using vertical video on social media. Wyzowl. https://www.wyzowl.com/vertical-video/
  • Heo, C. (Director). (2021). New Normal [Film]. Chul Heo DGK. https://youtu.be/hTPEgDyFp8E
  • Hovet, T. (2017). The persistence of the rectangle. Film history, 29(3), 136-168. https://doi.org/10.2979/filmhistory.29.3.06
  • Irigoin, M. (Director). (2022). Catapultete [Film]. Loquillos TV. https://youtu.be/jYlr5bGU2B4
  • Jegat, H. & Vioux, Y. (Directors). (2021). Pop [Film]. Hubert Jegat & Yohan Vioux. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/pop/
  • Jelsikova, V. (Director). (2017). Golden Delicious [Film]. Veronika Jelsikova. https://vimeo.com/285307332
  • Kashcheeva, D. (Director). (2017). To Accept [Film]. Daria Lashcheeva. https://vimeo.com/218287515
  • Krakauer, J. (2022, 27 July). 10 tips for rocking vertical video on social in 2022. Sculpt. https://wearesculpt.com/blog/vertical-video/
  • Lada, M. (Director). (2022). Fu**ed [Film]. Panska. https://youtu.be/4jr6_-0iCUg
  • Lappalainen, A. (Director). (2018). Palkattomat Pojat [Film]. Aleski Lappalainen. https://vimeo.com/301469489
  • Less, K. L. (Director). (2021). Trespass [Film]. Halo One. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/trespass/
  • Lips, P. (Directors). (2018). The Jacaranda [Film]. Eliana Bunimov Behrens. https://vimeo.com/270572424
  • Martin, C. (Director). (2016). Theo [Film]. Cedric Martin. https://vimeo.com/162278530
  • Matera, E. (Director). (2022). Tic Toc [Film]. Avamat. https://youtu.be/maUdjZeBEE8
  • Menotti, G. (2019). Discourses around vertical videos: An archaeology of “wrong” aspect ratios. ARS, 17(35), 147-165. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-0447.ars.2019.140526
  • Mihci, G. M. (Director). (2021). Echo Chamber [Film]. Gurkan Maruf Mihci. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/echo-chamber/
  • Moore, E. S. & Sawra (Director). (2015). Bird Murderer [Film]. Evan Scott Moore. https://vimeo.com/419734797
  • Morozov, G. (Director). (2022). Branch [Film]. George Morozov. https://youtu.be/3EmoUiX2Ccc
  • Munoz Velasco, D. (Director). (2022). Voice Mail [Film]. Diana Aurora Caballero Brito, David Munoz Velasco, Julio F. Montero & Tere Vinas. https://youtu.be/s6sWpaF2nD4
  • Nasution, R. (Director). (2022). Portrait of a Lovely Day [Film]. Yenni Elvrida Manalu. https://youtu.be/jcM5KD3RYtA
  • Nusrat, S. (Director). (2022). Imagination [Film]. Sifat Nusrat. https://youtu.be/AF_nKP6llOQ
  • Piel-Desruisseaux, J. (Director). (2017). Comme Toi [Film]. Jerome Piel-Desruisseaux. https://vimeo.com/247673883
  • Peters, B. (2019, 19 February). Does vertical video make a difference? We spent $6,000 on tests to find out. Buffer. https://buffer.com/resources/vertical-video/
  • Prasetyo, D. (Director). (2022). She’s an Art, Isn’t She? [Film]. Imam Ghitrif Yuniandri. https://youtu.be/-d2Vx4_tj54 Ramirez Maya, N. (Director). (2021). Lilith [Film]. Nahum Ramirez Maya. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/lilith/
  • Rashova, M. (Director). (2016). The Spring Inside You [Film]. Maria Rashova. https://youtu.be/80pN2CHVND0
  • Rebeta, A. H. (Director). (2022). I Woke Up on a Little Planet [Film]. Arjanmar H. Rebeta. https://youtu.be/LgshxJJxPAE
  • Richards, M. (Director). (2015). Purgot [Film]. Four anchor island. https://vimeo.com/136370322
  • Rodriguez Garcia, D. (Director). (2022). The Incredible Casuality of Things [Film]. Daniela Rodriguez Garcia. https://youtu.be/cbUVwk_2pno
  • Rogers, A. (2019). ‘Taking the plunge’: The new immersive screens. C. Buckley, R. Campe & F. Casetti (Ed.), Screen genealogies: From optical device to environmental medium (1. edition) (p. 135-158). Amsterdam University.
  • Santorelli, A. R. (Director). (2022). Finale di Partita [Film]. Antonio Ricardo Santorelli. https://youtu.be/9paE9Fo0vZQ
  • Schmitt, E. (Director). (2016). The Santa Maria [Film]. Fabian Gasmia & Henning Kamm. https://vimeo.com/168043073
  • Solis, S. (Director). (2021). Princes Do Not Wait [Film]. Mad Mariachi. https://youtu.be/DNmIBFJFFB8
  • Suarez, S. (Director). (2021). Cenzias [Film]. Cine Pobre. https://youtu.be/F0SWgBV_kRk
  • Thompson, C. (2017, 7 September). Phones are changing how people shoot and watch video. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/thompson-smartphone-video/
  • Vidal, I. (Director). (2021). Work from Home [Film]. Isabella Vidal. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/work-from-home/
  • Waller, A. (2018). How vertical video is taking over. Socialchimp. https://www.socialchimp.com/blog/how-vertical-video-is-taking-over/
  • Whitman, R. (1964). The Shower [16mm film loop]. -.
  • Wochit (2019, 19 August). The future is vertical: The latest vertical video trends. Medium. https://medium.com/@wochit/the-future-is-vertical-the-latest-vertical-video-trends-cd613fe36ed3
  • Yan, M. (Director). (2021). The Cell [Film]. Marie Yan. https://youtu.be/vXIzqxjIW-g
  • YudisAW. (Director). (2022). A Letter [Film]. Pelampiasan Bakat. https://youtu.be/-ATwR31iFMk
  • Zemlyanyi, K. (Director). (2022). Oles Portfolio [Film]. Kyrylo Zemlyanyi. https://youtu.be/_2OgwugxMqo
  • Zhitkova, M. (Director). (2021). Hype [Film]. Maria Zhitkova. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/hype/
There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Özgür Çalışkan 0000-0002-7407-3371

Early Pub Date November 21, 2022
Publication Date December 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022Issue: Dijitalleşme Özel Sayısı

Cite

APA Çalışkan, Ö. (2022). Vertical screen in the digital world: New narrative form of vertical short films. ARTS: Artuklu Sanat Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi(Dijitalleşme Özel Sayısı), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.46372/arts.1197479
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