Vertical screen in the digital world: New narrative form of vertical short films

Özgür Çalışkan

doi:10.46372/arts.1197479

Research Article

Dijital dünyada dikey ekran: Dikey kısa filmlerin yeni anlatı biçimi

Year 2022, , 9 - 25, 01.12.2022

Özgür Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.46372/arts.1197479

Abstract

Sanat dallarından teknolojiyle en iç içe olan sinema, teknolojinin değişmesi ve gelişmesiyle tarihsel süreç içerisinde birçok değişime uğramıştır. Teknoloji, özellikle sinemanın üretim ve tüketim biçimini etkilemiştir. Bu etkilerden biri de film üretimi ve tüketiminin mobil cihazlara taşınmasında gerçekleşmiştir. Kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşan cep telefonları bu değişimin ortasında yer almaktadır. Dikey ekranlı cep telefonları, sadece bir iletişim aracı olmaktan çıkıp film üretimine ve tüketimine de dâhil olmuştur. Bu durum düşünüldüğünde dikey ekran için görsel içerik üretimi de artmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, özellikle son on yıldır giderek artan dikey çerçeveleme ile üretilen kısa film alanına ilişkin bir inceleme yapmaktır. Bu amaçla, dikey kısa film alanında gerçekleştirilen çevrimiçi festivallerdeki kısa filmler incelenerek, dikey anlatının kısa filmlerdeki içerik, biçim ve özellikleri ortaya konmaktadır. Çalışmada elli kısa filmin ortak özellikleri incelenerek; anlatıları, çerçeveleme teknikleri ve kamera hareketleri bağlamında dijital dönüşümün dikey anlatı olarak kısa filmlerdeki etkileri tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

dikey ekran, anlatı biçimi, kısa film, film festivalleri, dikey anlatı

References

Aguilera Ochoa, C. (Director). (2021). Doing is Love [Film]. Cristina Aguilera Ochoa. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/doing-is-love/
Alexandrov, O. (2020, 23 January). The era of vertical video is here – How to embrace it?. Digital agency network. https://digitalagencynetwork.com/the-era-of-vertical-video-is-here-how-to-embrace-it/
Avendano, C. (Director). (2021). Yesterday [Film]. Ximena Lopez & Mariana Zayas. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/yesterday/
Azcarate, M. (Director). (2017). Bicho [Film]. Mariana Azcarte. https://youtu.be/Faxg16wxikw
Barbetta, T. (Director). (2022). Chase, Stay on Track [Film]. Superbad-ass. https://youtu.be/0AqlTpALMbI Bekmambetov, T. & Trofimov, S. (Directors). (2021). V2. Escape from Hell [Film]. Bazelevs.
Belova, D. (Director). (2022). Life: Love [Film]. Diana Belova. https://youtu.be/tYZMgw43cF0
Bohorquez, L. F. (Director). (2022). Sombra [Film]. Karla Espinel. https://youtu.be/XozoW_5V2Mw
Bolter, J. & Grusin, R. (2000). Remediation: Understanding new media (1. edition). MIT.
Buckley, C., Campe, R. & Casetti, F. (2019). Introduction. C. Buckley, R. Campe & F. Casetti (Ed.), Screen genealogies: From optical device to environmental medium (1. edition) (p. 7-26). Amsterdam University.
Bukatman, S. (1993). Terminal identity: The virtual subject in postmodern science fiction (1. edition). Duke University.
Caballero Brito, D. A. (Director). (2022). The Tunnel [Film]. Diana Aurora Caballero Brito, Guillermo Meza & David Munoz Velasco. https://youtu.be/1rimk7qi1nA
Carro, A. (Director). (2022). When in Doubt [Film]. Sandra Montoya, Andrea Carro & Ana Silvia Cantu. https://youtu.be/Qi-A0OXKAM8
Cavender, F. (Director). (2016). Tilt [Film]. Fred Cavender. https://vimeo.com/166549766
Cervantes, A. (Director). (2021). Tlahuelpuchi [Film]. Alejandro Cervantes & Carlos Blas Ramos. https://youtu.be/Ssg2drb1UHU
Chazelle, D. (Director). (2020). The Stunt Double [Video]. Apple.
Clayton, R. (2021). The context of vertical filmmaking literature. Quarterly review of film and video, 39(3), 644-655. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509208.2021.1874853
Cossar, H. (2009). The shape of new media: Screen space, aspect ratios, and digitextuality. Journal of film and video, 61(4), 3-16. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20688644
d’Autilia, C. (Director). (2022). Nuvelo d’Oceano [Film]. Carlo d’Autilia. https://youtu.be/KiUj9TcT29w
Elcott, N. M. (2019). Material. Human. Divine. Notes on the vertical screen. C. Buckley, R. Campe & F. Casetti (Ed.), Screen genealogies: From optical device to environmental medium (1. edition) (p. 293-319). Amsterdam University.
Eno, B. (1985). Thursday Afternoon [Eponymous composition]. -.
Flic, J. (1970). Vertical Cinemascope [Visual system]. -.
Fox, M. K. (Director). (2016). Girl [Film]. Megan K. Fox. https://vimeo.com/163309100
Francis, W. (Director). (2022). Writer’s Block [Film]. A Francis films. https://youtu.be/rEvaJlTESVM
Frantsuzova, A. (Director). (2021). You Can [Film]. Frantsuzova & Melnikova. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/you-can/
Galindo, A. (Director). (2022). Tulipan Rojo [Film]. Fabiola Chavez & Miguel Galindo. https://youtu.be/NCiIfZCt1lU
Ganz, A. & Khatib, L. (2006). Digital cinema: The transformation of film practice and aesthetics. New cinemas: Journal of contemporary film, 4(1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.1386/ncin.4.1.21_1
Gene, C. W. (Director). (2022). Winter Breeze [Film]. Choi Woo Gene. https://youtu.be/Ed3oZT64s08
Gevorgyan, A. (Director). (2022). La Beaute [Film]. Argam Gevorgyan & Nikita Shestakov. https://youtu.be/d8mWnEEcNnU
Hayes, A. (2022, 28 March). 5 reasons to start using vertical video on social media. Wyzowl. https://www.wyzowl.com/vertical-video/
Heo, C. (Director). (2021). New Normal [Film]. Chul Heo DGK. https://youtu.be/hTPEgDyFp8E
Hovet, T. (2017). The persistence of the rectangle. Film history, 29(3), 136-168. https://doi.org/10.2979/filmhistory.29.3.06
Irigoin, M. (Director). (2022). Catapultete [Film]. Loquillos TV. https://youtu.be/jYlr5bGU2B4
Jegat, H. & Vioux, Y. (Directors). (2021). Pop [Film]. Hubert Jegat & Yohan Vioux. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/pop/
Jelsikova, V. (Director). (2017). Golden Delicious [Film]. Veronika Jelsikova. https://vimeo.com/285307332
Kashcheeva, D. (Director). (2017). To Accept [Film]. Daria Lashcheeva. https://vimeo.com/218287515
Krakauer, J. (2022, 27 July). 10 tips for rocking vertical video on social in 2022. Sculpt. https://wearesculpt.com/blog/vertical-video/
Lada, M. (Director). (2022). Fu**ed [Film]. Panska. https://youtu.be/4jr6_-0iCUg
Lappalainen, A. (Director). (2018). Palkattomat Pojat [Film]. Aleski Lappalainen. https://vimeo.com/301469489
Less, K. L. (Director). (2021). Trespass [Film]. Halo One. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/trespass/
Lips, P. (Directors). (2018). The Jacaranda [Film]. Eliana Bunimov Behrens. https://vimeo.com/270572424
Martin, C. (Director). (2016). Theo [Film]. Cedric Martin. https://vimeo.com/162278530
Matera, E. (Director). (2022). Tic Toc [Film]. Avamat. https://youtu.be/maUdjZeBEE8
Menotti, G. (2019). Discourses around vertical videos: An archaeology of “wrong” aspect ratios. ARS, 17(35), 147-165. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-0447.ars.2019.140526
Mihci, G. M. (Director). (2021). Echo Chamber [Film]. Gurkan Maruf Mihci. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/echo-chamber/
Moore, E. S. & Sawra (Director). (2015). Bird Murderer [Film]. Evan Scott Moore. https://vimeo.com/419734797
Morozov, G. (Director). (2022). Branch [Film]. George Morozov. https://youtu.be/3EmoUiX2Ccc
Munoz Velasco, D. (Director). (2022). Voice Mail [Film]. Diana Aurora Caballero Brito, David Munoz Velasco, Julio F. Montero & Tere Vinas. https://youtu.be/s6sWpaF2nD4
Nasution, R. (Director). (2022). Portrait of a Lovely Day [Film]. Yenni Elvrida Manalu. https://youtu.be/jcM5KD3RYtA
Nusrat, S. (Director). (2022). Imagination [Film]. Sifat Nusrat. https://youtu.be/AF_nKP6llOQ
Piel-Desruisseaux, J. (Director). (2017). Comme Toi [Film]. Jerome Piel-Desruisseaux. https://vimeo.com/247673883
Peters, B. (2019, 19 February). Does vertical video make a difference? We spent $6,000 on tests to find out. Buffer. https://buffer.com/resources/vertical-video/
Prasetyo, D. (Director). (2022). She’s an Art, Isn’t She? [Film]. Imam Ghitrif Yuniandri. https://youtu.be/-d2Vx4_tj54 Ramirez Maya, N. (Director). (2021). Lilith [Film]. Nahum Ramirez Maya. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/lilith/
Rashova, M. (Director). (2016). The Spring Inside You [Film]. Maria Rashova. https://youtu.be/80pN2CHVND0
Rebeta, A. H. (Director). (2022). I Woke Up on a Little Planet [Film]. Arjanmar H. Rebeta. https://youtu.be/LgshxJJxPAE
Richards, M. (Director). (2015). Purgot [Film]. Four anchor island. https://vimeo.com/136370322
Rodriguez Garcia, D. (Director). (2022). The Incredible Casuality of Things [Film]. Daniela Rodriguez Garcia. https://youtu.be/cbUVwk_2pno
Rogers, A. (2019). ‘Taking the plunge’: The new immersive screens. C. Buckley, R. Campe & F. Casetti (Ed.), Screen genealogies: From optical device to environmental medium (1. edition) (p. 135-158). Amsterdam University.
Santorelli, A. R. (Director). (2022). Finale di Partita [Film]. Antonio Ricardo Santorelli. https://youtu.be/9paE9Fo0vZQ
Schmitt, E. (Director). (2016). The Santa Maria [Film]. Fabian Gasmia & Henning Kamm. https://vimeo.com/168043073
Solis, S. (Director). (2021). Princes Do Not Wait [Film]. Mad Mariachi. https://youtu.be/DNmIBFJFFB8
Suarez, S. (Director). (2021). Cenzias [Film]. Cine Pobre. https://youtu.be/F0SWgBV_kRk
Thompson, C. (2017, 7 September). Phones are changing how people shoot and watch video. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/thompson-smartphone-video/
Vidal, I. (Director). (2021). Work from Home [Film]. Isabella Vidal. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/work-from-home/
Waller, A. (2018). How vertical video is taking over. Socialchimp. https://www.socialchimp.com/blog/how-vertical-video-is-taking-over/
Whitman, R. (1964). The Shower [16mm film loop]. -.
Wochit (2019, 19 August). The future is vertical: The latest vertical video trends. Medium. https://medium.com/@wochit/the-future-is-vertical-the-latest-vertical-video-trends-cd613fe36ed3
Yan, M. (Director). (2021). The Cell [Film]. Marie Yan. https://youtu.be/vXIzqxjIW-g
YudisAW. (Director). (2022). A Letter [Film]. Pelampiasan Bakat. https://youtu.be/-ATwR31iFMk
Zemlyanyi, K. (Director). (2022). Oles Portfolio [Film]. Kyrylo Zemlyanyi. https://youtu.be/_2OgwugxMqo
Zhitkova, M. (Director). (2021). Hype [Film]. Maria Zhitkova. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/hype/

Vertical screen in the digital world: New narrative form of vertical short films

Year 2022, , 9 - 25, 01.12.2022

Özgür Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.46372/arts.1197479

Abstract

Technology has affected the way cinema is produced and consumed. One of these effects is the transfer of film production and consumption to mobile devices. Mobile phones with vertical screens are not only a means of communication but are also involved in film production and consumption. Given this situation, visual content production for the vertical screen has also increased. This study examines the field of short films produced with vertical framing, which has been increasing, especially in the last decade. For this purpose, the content, form, and characteristics of vertical narrative in short films are revealed by analyzing short films in online festivals organized in the field of vertical short films. The study analyzes the common features of fifty short films and discusses the effects of digital transformation on short films as vertical narratives in the context of narrative form, framing techniques, and camera movements.

Keywords

vertical screen, narrative form, short film, film festivals, vertical narrative

References

Aguilera Ochoa, C. (Director). (2021). Doing is Love [Film]. Cristina Aguilera Ochoa. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/doing-is-love/
Alexandrov, O. (2020, 23 January). The era of vertical video is here – How to embrace it?. Digital agency network. https://digitalagencynetwork.com/the-era-of-vertical-video-is-here-how-to-embrace-it/
Avendano, C. (Director). (2021). Yesterday [Film]. Ximena Lopez & Mariana Zayas. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/yesterday/
Azcarate, M. (Director). (2017). Bicho [Film]. Mariana Azcarte. https://youtu.be/Faxg16wxikw
Barbetta, T. (Director). (2022). Chase, Stay on Track [Film]. Superbad-ass. https://youtu.be/0AqlTpALMbI Bekmambetov, T. & Trofimov, S. (Directors). (2021). V2. Escape from Hell [Film]. Bazelevs.
Belova, D. (Director). (2022). Life: Love [Film]. Diana Belova. https://youtu.be/tYZMgw43cF0
Bohorquez, L. F. (Director). (2022). Sombra [Film]. Karla Espinel. https://youtu.be/XozoW_5V2Mw
Bolter, J. & Grusin, R. (2000). Remediation: Understanding new media (1. edition). MIT.
Buckley, C., Campe, R. & Casetti, F. (2019). Introduction. C. Buckley, R. Campe & F. Casetti (Ed.), Screen genealogies: From optical device to environmental medium (1. edition) (p. 7-26). Amsterdam University.
Bukatman, S. (1993). Terminal identity: The virtual subject in postmodern science fiction (1. edition). Duke University.
Caballero Brito, D. A. (Director). (2022). The Tunnel [Film]. Diana Aurora Caballero Brito, Guillermo Meza & David Munoz Velasco. https://youtu.be/1rimk7qi1nA
Carro, A. (Director). (2022). When in Doubt [Film]. Sandra Montoya, Andrea Carro & Ana Silvia Cantu. https://youtu.be/Qi-A0OXKAM8
Cavender, F. (Director). (2016). Tilt [Film]. Fred Cavender. https://vimeo.com/166549766
Cervantes, A. (Director). (2021). Tlahuelpuchi [Film]. Alejandro Cervantes & Carlos Blas Ramos. https://youtu.be/Ssg2drb1UHU
Chazelle, D. (Director). (2020). The Stunt Double [Video]. Apple.
Clayton, R. (2021). The context of vertical filmmaking literature. Quarterly review of film and video, 39(3), 644-655. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509208.2021.1874853
Cossar, H. (2009). The shape of new media: Screen space, aspect ratios, and digitextuality. Journal of film and video, 61(4), 3-16. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20688644
d’Autilia, C. (Director). (2022). Nuvelo d’Oceano [Film]. Carlo d’Autilia. https://youtu.be/KiUj9TcT29w
Elcott, N. M. (2019). Material. Human. Divine. Notes on the vertical screen. C. Buckley, R. Campe & F. Casetti (Ed.), Screen genealogies: From optical device to environmental medium (1. edition) (p. 293-319). Amsterdam University.
Eno, B. (1985). Thursday Afternoon [Eponymous composition]. -.
Flic, J. (1970). Vertical Cinemascope [Visual system]. -.
Fox, M. K. (Director). (2016). Girl [Film]. Megan K. Fox. https://vimeo.com/163309100
Francis, W. (Director). (2022). Writer’s Block [Film]. A Francis films. https://youtu.be/rEvaJlTESVM
Frantsuzova, A. (Director). (2021). You Can [Film]. Frantsuzova & Melnikova. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/you-can/
Galindo, A. (Director). (2022). Tulipan Rojo [Film]. Fabiola Chavez & Miguel Galindo. https://youtu.be/NCiIfZCt1lU
Ganz, A. & Khatib, L. (2006). Digital cinema: The transformation of film practice and aesthetics. New cinemas: Journal of contemporary film, 4(1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.1386/ncin.4.1.21_1
Gene, C. W. (Director). (2022). Winter Breeze [Film]. Choi Woo Gene. https://youtu.be/Ed3oZT64s08
Gevorgyan, A. (Director). (2022). La Beaute [Film]. Argam Gevorgyan & Nikita Shestakov. https://youtu.be/d8mWnEEcNnU
Hayes, A. (2022, 28 March). 5 reasons to start using vertical video on social media. Wyzowl. https://www.wyzowl.com/vertical-video/
Heo, C. (Director). (2021). New Normal [Film]. Chul Heo DGK. https://youtu.be/hTPEgDyFp8E
Hovet, T. (2017). The persistence of the rectangle. Film history, 29(3), 136-168. https://doi.org/10.2979/filmhistory.29.3.06
Irigoin, M. (Director). (2022). Catapultete [Film]. Loquillos TV. https://youtu.be/jYlr5bGU2B4
Jegat, H. & Vioux, Y. (Directors). (2021). Pop [Film]. Hubert Jegat & Yohan Vioux. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/pop/
Jelsikova, V. (Director). (2017). Golden Delicious [Film]. Veronika Jelsikova. https://vimeo.com/285307332
Kashcheeva, D. (Director). (2017). To Accept [Film]. Daria Lashcheeva. https://vimeo.com/218287515
Krakauer, J. (2022, 27 July). 10 tips for rocking vertical video on social in 2022. Sculpt. https://wearesculpt.com/blog/vertical-video/
Lada, M. (Director). (2022). Fu**ed [Film]. Panska. https://youtu.be/4jr6_-0iCUg
Lappalainen, A. (Director). (2018). Palkattomat Pojat [Film]. Aleski Lappalainen. https://vimeo.com/301469489
Less, K. L. (Director). (2021). Trespass [Film]. Halo One. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/trespass/
Lips, P. (Directors). (2018). The Jacaranda [Film]. Eliana Bunimov Behrens. https://vimeo.com/270572424
Martin, C. (Director). (2016). Theo [Film]. Cedric Martin. https://vimeo.com/162278530
Matera, E. (Director). (2022). Tic Toc [Film]. Avamat. https://youtu.be/maUdjZeBEE8
Menotti, G. (2019). Discourses around vertical videos: An archaeology of “wrong” aspect ratios. ARS, 17(35), 147-165. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-0447.ars.2019.140526
Mihci, G. M. (Director). (2021). Echo Chamber [Film]. Gurkan Maruf Mihci. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/echo-chamber/
Moore, E. S. & Sawra (Director). (2015). Bird Murderer [Film]. Evan Scott Moore. https://vimeo.com/419734797
Morozov, G. (Director). (2022). Branch [Film]. George Morozov. https://youtu.be/3EmoUiX2Ccc
Munoz Velasco, D. (Director). (2022). Voice Mail [Film]. Diana Aurora Caballero Brito, David Munoz Velasco, Julio F. Montero & Tere Vinas. https://youtu.be/s6sWpaF2nD4
Nasution, R. (Director). (2022). Portrait of a Lovely Day [Film]. Yenni Elvrida Manalu. https://youtu.be/jcM5KD3RYtA
Nusrat, S. (Director). (2022). Imagination [Film]. Sifat Nusrat. https://youtu.be/AF_nKP6llOQ
Piel-Desruisseaux, J. (Director). (2017). Comme Toi [Film]. Jerome Piel-Desruisseaux. https://vimeo.com/247673883
Peters, B. (2019, 19 February). Does vertical video make a difference? We spent $6,000 on tests to find out. Buffer. https://buffer.com/resources/vertical-video/
Prasetyo, D. (Director). (2022). She’s an Art, Isn’t She? [Film]. Imam Ghitrif Yuniandri. https://youtu.be/-d2Vx4_tj54 Ramirez Maya, N. (Director). (2021). Lilith [Film]. Nahum Ramirez Maya. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/lilith/
Rashova, M. (Director). (2016). The Spring Inside You [Film]. Maria Rashova. https://youtu.be/80pN2CHVND0
Rebeta, A. H. (Director). (2022). I Woke Up on a Little Planet [Film]. Arjanmar H. Rebeta. https://youtu.be/LgshxJJxPAE
Richards, M. (Director). (2015). Purgot [Film]. Four anchor island. https://vimeo.com/136370322
Rodriguez Garcia, D. (Director). (2022). The Incredible Casuality of Things [Film]. Daniela Rodriguez Garcia. https://youtu.be/cbUVwk_2pno
Rogers, A. (2019). ‘Taking the plunge’: The new immersive screens. C. Buckley, R. Campe & F. Casetti (Ed.), Screen genealogies: From optical device to environmental medium (1. edition) (p. 135-158). Amsterdam University.
Santorelli, A. R. (Director). (2022). Finale di Partita [Film]. Antonio Ricardo Santorelli. https://youtu.be/9paE9Fo0vZQ
Schmitt, E. (Director). (2016). The Santa Maria [Film]. Fabian Gasmia & Henning Kamm. https://vimeo.com/168043073
Solis, S. (Director). (2021). Princes Do Not Wait [Film]. Mad Mariachi. https://youtu.be/DNmIBFJFFB8
Suarez, S. (Director). (2021). Cenzias [Film]. Cine Pobre. https://youtu.be/F0SWgBV_kRk
Thompson, C. (2017, 7 September). Phones are changing how people shoot and watch video. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/thompson-smartphone-video/
Vidal, I. (Director). (2021). Work from Home [Film]. Isabella Vidal. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/work-from-home/
Waller, A. (2018). How vertical video is taking over. Socialchimp. https://www.socialchimp.com/blog/how-vertical-video-is-taking-over/
Whitman, R. (1964). The Shower [16mm film loop]. -.
Wochit (2019, 19 August). The future is vertical: The latest vertical video trends. Medium. https://medium.com/@wochit/the-future-is-vertical-the-latest-vertical-video-trends-cd613fe36ed3
Yan, M. (Director). (2021). The Cell [Film]. Marie Yan. https://youtu.be/vXIzqxjIW-g
YudisAW. (Director). (2022). A Letter [Film]. Pelampiasan Bakat. https://youtu.be/-ATwR31iFMk
Zemlyanyi, K. (Director). (2022). Oles Portfolio [Film]. Kyrylo Zemlyanyi. https://youtu.be/_2OgwugxMqo
Zhitkova, M. (Director). (2021). Hype [Film]. Maria Zhitkova. https://www.vertifilms.com/film/hype/

There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Özgür Çalışkan 0000-0002-7407-3371
Publication Date	December 1, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022

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APA	Çalışkan, Ö. (2022). Vertical screen in the digital world: New narrative form of vertical short films. ARTS: Artuklu Sanat Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi(Dijitalleşme Özel Sayısı), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.46372/arts.1197479

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