Öz
While the romance as a genre is generally overlooked, it is more than a walled castle and a witness for the cultural encounters of its time of production. The romance of medieval England offers a valuable source for the understanding of the culture. Culture deals with literature, and the medieval romance and acts as the reflection of translatio studii et imperii. While disciplines such as philosophy, folklore and sociology define and examine culture and translatio studii et imperii from different perspectives, literature as a discipline attaches great importance to explore the transmission of culture. Manuscripts of medieval romances are originated from classical Greece and Rome, such intangible cultural heritage is respectively shaped by translatio studii et imperii and then safeguarded thanks to these extant manuscripts in the transmission process from word of mouth to the written record. In other words, translatio studii et imperii is adapted into medieval English literature as borrowing, adapting, reshaping ideas, beliefs and authority with the new one by taking the old culture as a model, from both Greek and Roman cultures. This paper will explore the accorded glory of Rome’s historical conquests and achievements which is inflated by the effect of time and transforms great deeds into myth and legend, exaggerating the greatness of a culture, and therefore translatio studii et imperii.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) Culture Translatio Studii et Imperii Medieval England Romance Classical Rome
Kaynakça
- Archibald, E. (2001). Incest and the Medieval Imagination. Oxford University Press.
- Arnold, M. (1889). Culture and anarchy; an essay in political and social criticism. Smith, Elder & Company.
- Baswell, C. (2007). England’s Antiquities: Middle English Literature and the Classical Past. P. Brown (Ed.), Companion to Medieval English Literature and Culture, c. 1350- 1500 (s. 231-46) içinde. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
- Baswell, C. (2000). Marvels of Translation and Crises of Transition in the Romances of Antiquity. R. Kruger (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Romance (s. 122-151)içinde. Cambridge University Press.
- Benedict, R. (1935). Patterns Of Culture. Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.
- Brasseur, A. (Ed.). (1989). La Chanson des Saisnes. Librairie Droz.
- Brunner, K. (Ed.). (1913). Der Mittelenglische Versroman Über Richard Löwenherz: Kritische Ausgabe Nach Allen Handschriften Mit Einleitung, Anmerkungen Und Deutscher Übersetzung. Braumüller.
- Chiappelli, L. (1888). Lo studio boloqnese nelle sue origine e nei suoi rapporti colla scienza pre- Imeriana Pistoia.
- Cooper, H. (2004). The English Romance in Time: Transforming Motifs from Geoffrey of Monmouth to the death of Shakespeare. Oxford University Press.
- Copeland, R. (1991). Rhetoric, Hermeneutics and Translation in the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press.
- Curtius, E. R. (1954). Europaische Literatur und lateinisches Mittelalter. Francke.
- Ewert, A. (Ed.). (1933). Gui De Warewic: Roman Du XIII Siecle. Champion.
- Field, R. (2008). The Curious History of Matter of England. N. Cartlidge (Ed.), Boundaries in Medieval Romance (s. 29-42) içinde. D.S Brewer.
- Gilson, E. (1932). Les idees et les lettres. J. Vrin.
- Gilson, E. (1944). La Philosophie au moyen age des origines patristiques a la fin du XIVe siecle, Bibliotheque historique. Payot.
- Gottfried’s von Monmouth. (1854). Historia Regum Brittannia. E.Anton.
- Hathaway, E. J. (Eds. et al.). (1975). Fouke le Fitz Waryn. Blackwell.
- Heffernan, C. F. (Ed.). (1976). Le Bone Florence of Rome. Manchester University Press.
- Heimann, L. (Ed.). (1870). Immanuel Kant Metaphysik Der Sitten. Berlin.
- Herder, J. G. (1774). Auch eine Philosophie der Geschichte zur Bildung der Menschheit Beytrag zu vielen Beyträgen des Jahrhunderts. Weidmann.
- Herder, J. G. (1785). Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit. Bey Johann Friendrich Hartknoch.
- Jaspers, K. (1954). Ways to Wisdom: An Introduction Philosophy. Yale University Press.
- Knight, S. (2010). Celticity and Christianity in Medieval Romance. R. Field, P. Hardman ve M. Sweeny (Ed.), Christianity and Romance in Medieval England (s. 26-44) içinde. D.S. Brewer.
- Köhler, E. (Ed.). (1956). Ideal und Wirklichkeit in der Hofischen Epik, Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fur romanische Philologie. M. Niemeyer.
- Kühner, R. (1853). Tullii Ciceronis Tusculanorum Disputationum, Typis et Sumptibus. F. Frommann.
- Legge, M. D. (1963). Anglo-Norman Literature and Its Background. Clarendon Press.
- Mehl, D. (1968). The Middle English Romances of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Routledge and Kegan.
- Micha, A. (Ed.). (1967). Chrétien De Troyes: Cligés. Champion.
- Mills, M. (Ed.). (1992). Emaré in Six Middle English Romances. J.M. Dent.
- Mills, M. (Ed.). (1992). Octavian in Six Middle English Romances. J.M. Dent.
- Lefebvre, H. (1991). The Production of Space. (N. S. Donald, Çev.). Blackwell.
- Polonus, M. (1574). Martini Poloni, archiepiscopi Consentini, Chronicon expeditissimum, ad fidem veterum manuscriptorum codicum emendatum & auctum, Ex officina Christophori Plantini, Architypographi Regij.
- Putter, A. (2000). The Narrative Logic of Emaré. A Putter ve J. Gilbert (Ed.), The Spirit of Medieval English Popular Romance (s. 157-80) içinde. Longman.
- Rackham, H. (Ed.). (1942). Marcus Tullius Cicero De oratore. Harvard University Press.
- Reiss, E. (1985). Romance. T. J. Heffernan (Ed.), The Popular Literature of Medieval England (s. 108- 30) içinde. University of Tennessee Press.
- Ribbeck, O. (Ed.). (1862). Publius Vergili Maronis Aeneidos. B.G.Teubneri.
- Stimming, A. (Ed.). (1899). Der Anglonormannische Boeve de Haumtone. Biblioteca Normannica.
- Taflı Düzgün, H. (2017). He bete hur wyth hys nakyd swyrde, and sche caste up many a rewfull rerde: The Representation of Violence in Le Bone Florence of Rome. The Journal of International Social Research, 10(51), 184–188.
- Taflı Düzgün, H. (2019). Orta Çağ İngiliz Romansı Olan Havelok The Dane’de Millî Kimlik. Millî Folklor, 16(124), 91–104.
- Taflı Düzgün, H. (2019). Ortaçağ’da Anadolu’dan İngiltere’ye: Antakya’nın Şarkısında Türkler. Siyasal Kitapevi.
- Tylor, E. B. (1871). Primitive culture : researches into the development of mythology, philosophy, religion, language, art, and custom. J.Murray.
- Werner, G. (1958). Translatio Imperii: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Geschtsdenkens und der politischen Theorien im Mittelalter und in der fruhen Neuzeit. Mohr.
- Zimmermann, M. (2001). Auctor et auctoritas: invention et conformisme dans l’écriture médiévale: actes du colloque tenu à l’Université de Versailles-Saint- Quentin-en-Yvelines, 14-16 juin 1999. Ecole des chartes.
Öz
Orta Çağda İngiliz edebiyatının yapıtaşlarını edebî bir tür olan romans oluşturur. Ancak günümüzde göz ardı edilen Orta Çağ İngiltere’sindeki romans, kaleme alındığı dönemdeki kültürü tasvir eder, bazıları ise klasik Yunan ve Roma medeniyetlerini örnek alır ve translatio studii et imperiiyi İngiltere’ye yansıtır. Hem kültür hem de translatio studii et imperii, felsefe, halkbilim ve sosyoloji disiplinleriyle anılmaktadır. Ancak, sözlü kültürden yazılı geleneğe geçiş ve aktarım sırası ve sonrasında dil ile gelenekleri ve anlatımları anlayabilmek için disiplin olarak edebiyat göz ardı edilmemelidir. Orta Çağ’da İngiltere’de kaleme alınan elyazmalarındaki bazı edebi metinler, özellikle romanslar hem kültürün hem de translatio studii et imperiinin temellerini klasik Yunan ve Roma’dan almaktadır. Translatio studii, nesilden nesile aktarılırken geçmişteki kültüre saygı ve yeniden şekillenen kültürel sahiplenme sürecini gözler önüne serer. Somut olmayan bu kültürel miras günümüze kadar ulaşan elyazmalarındaki edebi metinlerde korunmaktadır. Orta Çağda İngiltere’de kültür edebiyat ile iç içedir. Orta Çağdaki kültürler ve imparatorluklar yetkilerini geçmiş kültürlerden (klasik Yunan ve Roma) alır ve Orta Çağ edebi anlatıları- özellikle de romanslar- kültürün ve translatio studii et imperiinin temsilcisi ya da yansıtıcısı olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, klasik Roma kültürünün, Orta Çağda İngiltere’de yazılan romanslara yansımalarını, nasıl mit ve efsaneye dönüştüğünü, antik bir kültürün yeniden nasıl ve niçin değer gördüğünü gün ışığına çıkarmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras (SOKÜM) Kültür Translatio Studii et Imperii Orta Çağ İngiltere Romans Klasik Roma
Kaynakça
- Archibald, E. (2001). Incest and the Medieval Imagination. Oxford University Press.
- Arnold, M. (1889). Culture and anarchy; an essay in political and social criticism. Smith, Elder & Company.
- Baswell, C. (2007). England’s Antiquities: Middle English Literature and the Classical Past. P. Brown (Ed.), Companion to Medieval English Literature and Culture, c. 1350- 1500 (s. 231-46) içinde. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
- Baswell, C. (2000). Marvels of Translation and Crises of Transition in the Romances of Antiquity. R. Kruger (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Romance (s. 122-151)içinde. Cambridge University Press.
- Benedict, R. (1935). Patterns Of Culture. Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.
- Brasseur, A. (Ed.). (1989). La Chanson des Saisnes. Librairie Droz.
- Brunner, K. (Ed.). (1913). Der Mittelenglische Versroman Über Richard Löwenherz: Kritische Ausgabe Nach Allen Handschriften Mit Einleitung, Anmerkungen Und Deutscher Übersetzung. Braumüller.
- Chiappelli, L. (1888). Lo studio boloqnese nelle sue origine e nei suoi rapporti colla scienza pre- Imeriana Pistoia.
- Cooper, H. (2004). The English Romance in Time: Transforming Motifs from Geoffrey of Monmouth to the death of Shakespeare. Oxford University Press.
- Copeland, R. (1991). Rhetoric, Hermeneutics and Translation in the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press.
- Curtius, E. R. (1954). Europaische Literatur und lateinisches Mittelalter. Francke.
- Ewert, A. (Ed.). (1933). Gui De Warewic: Roman Du XIII Siecle. Champion.
- Field, R. (2008). The Curious History of Matter of England. N. Cartlidge (Ed.), Boundaries in Medieval Romance (s. 29-42) içinde. D.S Brewer.
- Gilson, E. (1932). Les idees et les lettres. J. Vrin.
- Gilson, E. (1944). La Philosophie au moyen age des origines patristiques a la fin du XIVe siecle, Bibliotheque historique. Payot.
- Gottfried’s von Monmouth. (1854). Historia Regum Brittannia. E.Anton.
- Hathaway, E. J. (Eds. et al.). (1975). Fouke le Fitz Waryn. Blackwell.
- Heffernan, C. F. (Ed.). (1976). Le Bone Florence of Rome. Manchester University Press.
- Heimann, L. (Ed.). (1870). Immanuel Kant Metaphysik Der Sitten. Berlin.
- Herder, J. G. (1774). Auch eine Philosophie der Geschichte zur Bildung der Menschheit Beytrag zu vielen Beyträgen des Jahrhunderts. Weidmann.
- Herder, J. G. (1785). Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit. Bey Johann Friendrich Hartknoch.
- Jaspers, K. (1954). Ways to Wisdom: An Introduction Philosophy. Yale University Press.
- Knight, S. (2010). Celticity and Christianity in Medieval Romance. R. Field, P. Hardman ve M. Sweeny (Ed.), Christianity and Romance in Medieval England (s. 26-44) içinde. D.S. Brewer.
- Köhler, E. (Ed.). (1956). Ideal und Wirklichkeit in der Hofischen Epik, Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fur romanische Philologie. M. Niemeyer.
- Kühner, R. (1853). Tullii Ciceronis Tusculanorum Disputationum, Typis et Sumptibus. F. Frommann.
- Legge, M. D. (1963). Anglo-Norman Literature and Its Background. Clarendon Press.
- Mehl, D. (1968). The Middle English Romances of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Routledge and Kegan.
- Micha, A. (Ed.). (1967). Chrétien De Troyes: Cligés. Champion.
- Mills, M. (Ed.). (1992). Emaré in Six Middle English Romances. J.M. Dent.
- Mills, M. (Ed.). (1992). Octavian in Six Middle English Romances. J.M. Dent.
- Lefebvre, H. (1991). The Production of Space. (N. S. Donald, Çev.). Blackwell.
- Polonus, M. (1574). Martini Poloni, archiepiscopi Consentini, Chronicon expeditissimum, ad fidem veterum manuscriptorum codicum emendatum & auctum, Ex officina Christophori Plantini, Architypographi Regij.
- Putter, A. (2000). The Narrative Logic of Emaré. A Putter ve J. Gilbert (Ed.), The Spirit of Medieval English Popular Romance (s. 157-80) içinde. Longman.
- Rackham, H. (Ed.). (1942). Marcus Tullius Cicero De oratore. Harvard University Press.
- Reiss, E. (1985). Romance. T. J. Heffernan (Ed.), The Popular Literature of Medieval England (s. 108- 30) içinde. University of Tennessee Press.
- Ribbeck, O. (Ed.). (1862). Publius Vergili Maronis Aeneidos. B.G.Teubneri.
- Stimming, A. (Ed.). (1899). Der Anglonormannische Boeve de Haumtone. Biblioteca Normannica.
- Taflı Düzgün, H. (2017). He bete hur wyth hys nakyd swyrde, and sche caste up many a rewfull rerde: The Representation of Violence in Le Bone Florence of Rome. The Journal of International Social Research, 10(51), 184–188.
- Taflı Düzgün, H. (2019). Orta Çağ İngiliz Romansı Olan Havelok The Dane’de Millî Kimlik. Millî Folklor, 16(124), 91–104.
- Taflı Düzgün, H. (2019). Ortaçağ’da Anadolu’dan İngiltere’ye: Antakya’nın Şarkısında Türkler. Siyasal Kitapevi.
- Tylor, E. B. (1871). Primitive culture : researches into the development of mythology, philosophy, religion, language, art, and custom. J.Murray.
- Werner, G. (1958). Translatio Imperii: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Geschtsdenkens und der politischen Theorien im Mittelalter und in der fruhen Neuzeit. Mohr.
- Zimmermann, M. (2001). Auctor et auctoritas: invention et conformisme dans l’écriture médiévale: actes du colloque tenu à l’Université de Versailles-Saint- Quentin-en-Yvelines, 14-16 juin 1999. Ecole des chartes.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Kültürel çalışmalar |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 18 Nisan 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Sayı: 28 |
Bu sistemin içeriği ve TÜBA-KED'de yayınlanan tüm makaleler "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0" altında lisanslanmıştır.
