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Ngugi Wa Thiong’o’nun A Grain Of Wheat Adlı Romanında Ulusal Bilinç

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 584 - 597, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1004451

Öz

Edebiyatın sömürgeciliğe karşı ulusal bilinci inşa etmenin temel araçlarından biri olduğu konusunda genel bir fikir birliği vardır. Özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nın bitiminden itibaren, bir zamanlar sömürgeleştirilmiş ulusların dekolonizasyonu sürecinde önemli bir role sahiptir. Edebiyatın bir türü olan roman ise, yazarların milli kimlik duygusu geliştirmesini sağlayan bir tür olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Batı Avrupa’nın sömürge ülkeler kurmaya başlamasından bu yana, birçok yazar -açıkça veya örtülü olarak-, sömüren ile sömürülen arasındaki ilişkileri kurgulayan eserler yazmışlardır. Ngugi Wa Thiong'o da sömürü ile ilgili görüşlerini açıkça ve radikal bir söylemle dile getiren bir yazar olarak tanınmaktadır. Thiongo, sömürgecinin geride bıraktığı her şeyi reddetmedikçe sömürülenlerin özgür olamayacağını iddia eden ve bu iddiasını yazdığı romanlara yansıtan bir yazar olarak öne çıkmaktadır. 1967 yılında yayınlanan A Grain of Wheat adlı romanı, sömürü düzeni ile mücadelenin başarıya ulaşması için, sömürülen halkın öncelikle kendi anadili ile eğitim alması, öz geleneklerinden (tarihinden) kopmaması ve ulusal bir bilinç geliştirmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu makale, hayatına ve romanına dayanarak, Ngugi'nin Kenya vatandaşlarına nasıl bir ulusal bilinç aşılamaya çalıştığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Van YYÜ Proje Ofisi

Kaynakça

  • Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2019, March 20). Mau Mau. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau.
  • Ryle, G. (2002). The Concept of Mind. New York: Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Dhar, Tej N. (2007). Ngugi’s retrospective gaze: The shape of history in" A grain of wheat", Kunapipi, 29(1). Available at:https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol29/iss1/13.
  • Fanon , F. (2007) The Wretched of the Earth. Trans. Richard Philcox. New York: Grove Press.
  • Lonsdale, J. (1990). Mau Maus of the Mind: Making Mau Mau and Remaking Kenya. The Journal of African History, 31(3), 393-421. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/182877.
  • Majumdar, M. A. (2007). National Consciousness: History and Culture. In Postcoloniality: The French Dimension (1st ed., pp. 127–146). Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1c0gkvv.10.
  • Moran, B. (2008). Edebiyat Kuramları ve Eleştiri. (18. Baskı). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Mugesera, L. (1983). Guilt and Redemption in Ngugi Wa Thiong’o’s « A Grain of Wheat ». Présence Africaine, 125, 214–232. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24350692.
  • Pozo, M. A. (2004). An Interview with Ngugi Wa Thiong'o. http://www.postcolonialweb.org/ poldiscourse/pozo3.html>
  • Rosberg, C.G., Nottingham, J.C. (1966). The Myth of “Mau Mau”: Nationalism in Kenya. New York: Praeger.
  • Sicherman, C. (1990). Ngugi wa Thiong' o: The Making of a Rebel: A Source Book in Kenyan Literature and Resistance. Documentary Research in African Written Literatures, 1. Oxford: Hans Zell.
  • Tevzadze, N. (1994). National identity and national consciousness, History of European Ideas, 19:1-3, 437-440, DOI: 10.1016/0191-6599(94)90245-3.
  • Thiong’o, N.W. (1965). The River Between. South Africa: Heinemann.
  • Thiong’o, N. W. (1972). Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture and Politics. London: Heinemann.
  • Thiong’o, N. W. (1986). A Grain of Wheat. London: Heineman.
  • Thiong’o, N.W. (1987). Weep Not, Child. Johannesburg: Heinemann.
  • Thiong'o, N W. (1998). Penpoints, Gunpoints, and Dreams: Towards a Critical Theory of the Arts and the State in Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Thiong'o, N. W. (2011). Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. London: James Currey Ltd / Heinemann.

National Consciousness in Ngugi Wa Thiong'o's Novel A Grain of Wheat

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 584 - 597, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1004451

Öz

There is a general consensus that literature is one of the basic means of building the national consciousness against colonialism. Especially, from the end of Second World War on, it has a crucial role on the process of decolonization of once colonized nations. The novel, among the literary genres, stands out as one that enable writers to cultivate a sense of national identity. Ever since Western Europe began to establish colonial countries, many writers - explicitly or implicitly - have written works that fictionalized the relations between the colonized and the colonizer. Ngugi Wa Thiong'o is known as a writer who openly and radically expresses his views on exploitation and colonization. He stands out as a writer who claims that the colonized cannot be free unless they reject everything the colonizer left behind, and reflects this claim in his novels. His novel A Grain of Wheat, published in 1967, emphasizes that in order for the struggle against the system of exploitation to be successful, the exploited people must first receive education in their mother tongue, not break away from their own traditions (history) and develop a national consciousness. In this context, this article aims to reveal how Ngugi tried to instill a national consciousness in Kenyan citizens based on his life and novel.

Kaynakça

  • Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2019, March 20). Mau Mau. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau.
  • Ryle, G. (2002). The Concept of Mind. New York: Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Dhar, Tej N. (2007). Ngugi’s retrospective gaze: The shape of history in" A grain of wheat", Kunapipi, 29(1). Available at:https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol29/iss1/13.
  • Fanon , F. (2007) The Wretched of the Earth. Trans. Richard Philcox. New York: Grove Press.
  • Lonsdale, J. (1990). Mau Maus of the Mind: Making Mau Mau and Remaking Kenya. The Journal of African History, 31(3), 393-421. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/182877.
  • Majumdar, M. A. (2007). National Consciousness: History and Culture. In Postcoloniality: The French Dimension (1st ed., pp. 127–146). Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1c0gkvv.10.
  • Moran, B. (2008). Edebiyat Kuramları ve Eleştiri. (18. Baskı). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Mugesera, L. (1983). Guilt and Redemption in Ngugi Wa Thiong’o’s « A Grain of Wheat ». Présence Africaine, 125, 214–232. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24350692.
  • Pozo, M. A. (2004). An Interview with Ngugi Wa Thiong'o. http://www.postcolonialweb.org/ poldiscourse/pozo3.html>
  • Rosberg, C.G., Nottingham, J.C. (1966). The Myth of “Mau Mau”: Nationalism in Kenya. New York: Praeger.
  • Sicherman, C. (1990). Ngugi wa Thiong' o: The Making of a Rebel: A Source Book in Kenyan Literature and Resistance. Documentary Research in African Written Literatures, 1. Oxford: Hans Zell.
  • Tevzadze, N. (1994). National identity and national consciousness, History of European Ideas, 19:1-3, 437-440, DOI: 10.1016/0191-6599(94)90245-3.
  • Thiong’o, N.W. (1965). The River Between. South Africa: Heinemann.
  • Thiong’o, N. W. (1972). Homecoming: Essays on African and Caribbean Literature, Culture and Politics. London: Heinemann.
  • Thiong’o, N. W. (1986). A Grain of Wheat. London: Heineman.
  • Thiong’o, N.W. (1987). Weep Not, Child. Johannesburg: Heinemann.
  • Thiong'o, N W. (1998). Penpoints, Gunpoints, and Dreams: Towards a Critical Theory of the Arts and the State in Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Thiong'o, N. W. (2011). Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. London: James Currey Ltd / Heinemann.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Edebi Çalışmalar
Bölüm EDEBİYAT / ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Mehmet Recep Taş 0000-0002-5838-1948

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Ekim 2021
Kabul Tarihi 2 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Taş, M. R. (2021). Ngugi Wa Thiong’o’nun A Grain Of Wheat Adlı Romanında Ulusal Bilinç. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, 6(3), 584-597. https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1004451