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Piaget'in Bilişsel Gelişim Teorisinin Ergenlik Dönemi Dini Gelişim Üzerindeki Etkileri: Elkind'in Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 63 - 82, 27.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.51605/mesned.1078189

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Boyatzis, Chris J. Examining Religious and Spiritual Development during Childhood and Adolescence, In L.
  • Francis (Ed.), The International Handbook of Education for Spirituality, Care, and Well-Being. (2009), pp.51-67.
  • Boyatzis, Chris J. Spiritual Development During Childhood and Adolescence, In L. J. Miller (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Pshycology and Spirituality. (2012)
  • Bronfenbrenner, Urie. The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.1979.
  • Desmond, S Scott vd. Religious Development: How (And Why) Does Religiosity Change From Adolescence to Young Adulthood?, Sociological Perspectives , Vol. 53, No. 2, (2010), pp. 247-270
  • Elkind David - Elkind, Sally. Varieties of Religious Experience in Young Adolescents, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , Vol. 2, No. 1, (1962), pp. 102-112.
  • Elkind, David. Piaget's Semi-Clinical Interview and the Study of Spontaneous Religion, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , Vol. 4, No. 1, (1964a), pp. 40-47.
  • Elkind, David. Age Changes in the Meaning of Religious Identity, Review of Religious Research , Autumn, Vol. 6, No. 1, (1964b), pp. 36-40
  • Elkind, David. Egocentrism in Adolescence, Child Development, Vol. 38, No. 4, (1967), pp. 1025-1034
  • Elkind, David. The Origins of Religion in the Child, Review of Religious Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, (1970), pp. 35-42
  • Elkind, David. Cognitive Development and Adolescent Disabilities, Journal of Adoles-cent Health Care; 6: (1985), 84-89.
  • Fowler, James W. Stages in Faith Consciousness. New Directions For Child Develop-ment, 52(Summer), (1991), 27-45.
  • Fowler, James W. Dell, Mary L. Stages Of Faith From Infancy Through Adolescence Reflections On Three Decades Of Faith Development Theory, The Handbook of Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence, Ed.: Eugene C. Roehl-kepartain, Pamela E. King, Linda Wagener, Peter L. Benson, SAGE Publications, California, s. 34-45, 2006.
  • Fowler, James. W. İman Bilincinin Evreleri, Çeviri: Mehmedoğlu, A. U., M. Ü. İlalıiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 19, (2000), 85-104.
  • Goldman, Ronald. Religious thinking from childhood to adolescence, New York: The Seabury Press, 1964.
  • Harms, Ernst. The Development of Religious Experience in Children, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 50, No. 2, (1944), pp. 1-12.
  • Hoge Dean R. - Petrillo, G. H. Development of Religious Thinking in Adolescence: A Test of Goldman's Theories, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 17, No. 2, (1978), pp. 139-154.
  • Hood, Ralph W. vd. The Psychology of Religion An Empirical Approach, The Guilford Press, New York, 2009. Karaca, Faruk. Dini gelişim teorileri, Dem Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007.
  • King, Pamela. E. - Boyatzis, Chris. J. Religious and spiritual development. In M. E. Lamb & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Socioemotional processes, John Wiley & Sons, (2015), pp. 975–1021.
  • King, Pamela. E. - Boyatzis, Chris. J. Religious and Spiritual Development, In Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, 2015.
  • King, Pamela. E. vd. Developmental Perspectives on Adolescent Religious and Spiritual Development, Adolescent Research Review, 6: (2021), 253–264
  • Korniejczuk, Victor A. Psychologıcal theorıes of relıgıous development: a seventh-day adventıst perspectıve, Prepared for the International Faith and Learning Seminar Held at Union College, Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A., (1993), pp. 257-276
  • Loewenthal, Kate Miram. The Psychology of Religion: A Short Introduction, Oneworld Publications, Oxford, England, 2008.
  • Long, Diane. vd. The Child's Conception of Prayer, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 6, No. 1, (1967), pp. 101- 109.
  • Markstrom, Carol. A. Religious involvement and adolescent psychosocial development, Journal of Adolescence, Volume 22, Issue 2, April 1999, Pages 205-221
  • Mckinney, Jeremiah P., Mckinney, Kate G. Prayer in the lives of late adolescents, Journal of Adolescence, 22, (1999), 279-290 .
  • Mehmedoğlu, Ali Ulvi - Aygün, Adem. James W. Fowler ve İnanç Gelişim Teorisi, Çuku-rova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD), Cilt 6, Sayı 1, (2006), s. 118 – 142.
  • Oruç, Cemil. Piaget’nin Bilişsel Gelişim Kuramının Erken Çocukluk Din Eğitimine Yan-sımaları: Ronald Goldman’ın Bulguları Çerçevesinde Din Eğitiminin İmkânı, Uluslararası Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Kongresi, Bildiri Kitabı, İstanbul, 2016.
  • Paloutzian, Raymond. Handbook of The Psychology of Relıgıon, the guılford press, New york, 2005.
  • Şahin, Ahmet. Exploring the religious life-world and attitude toward Islam among Bri-tish Muslim adolescents, In Religion, Education and Adolescence, Unıversıty of Wales Press Cardıff, 2005.
  • Santrock, John.W. Child Development, Thirteenth Edition, Teksas, 2010.
  • Santrock, John.W. Educational Psychology, Fifth edition, McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2011.
  • Santrock, John W. Adolescence, Sixteenth Edition, McGraw-Hill Education. New York, 2016.
  • Slavin Robert. E. Educational Psychology Theory and Practice, Eighth edition, Boston, 1986.
  • Streib, Hainz. Off-road religion? A narrative approach to fundamentalist and occult orientations of adolescents, Journal of Adolescence, 22, (1999), 255-267.
  • Tamminen, Kalevi. Religious Experiences in Childhood and Adolescence: A viewpoint of Religious Development Between the Ages of 7 and 20. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 4(2), (1994), 61-85.

Piaget'in Bilişsel Gelişim Teorisinin Ergenlik Dönemi Dini Gelişim Üzerindeki Etkileri: Elkind'in Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 63 - 82, 27.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.51605/mesned.1078189

Öz

Gelişimsel çalışmalar özellikle geçen yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren eğitim ve psikoloji çalışmalarına yön vermiştir. Bu çalışmaların temeli bireyin yaşam döngüsünün farklı dönemlerinde belirli, birbirini takip eden değişmez aşamaların varlığı varsayımına dayanmaktadır. Buna göre her birey bu aşamalardan aynı sırayla geçmekte, bireysel farklılıklar olmakla birlikte söz konusu aşamalar yapısal olarak benzerlik arz etmektedir. Özellikle Piaget’nin yarı klinik yönteme dayanan araştırmaları bu alandaki çalışmaların çerçevesini önemli ölçüde belirlemiştir. Piaget’nin varsayımlarının bir kısmı bugün tartışılsa da onun getirmiş olduğu anlayış bu alandaki önemini korumaya devam etmektedir.
Gelişimsel çalışmalar eğitim ve psikoloji alanındaki etkisine paralel olarak dinî gelişim alanında da benimsenen ve uygulanan bir temel oluşturmuştur. Dini gelişim alanındaki en önemli çalışmalar yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısında özellikle Ronald Goldman, David Elkind, James Fowler ve Fritz Oser tarafından yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmacılar çalışmalarını esas olarak Piagetçi bir çerçeveye dayalı olarak şekillendirmiştir. Bu araştırmalar içerisinde özellikle Elkind’in çalışmaları Piagetçi anlayışı hem yöntem hem de yaklaşım olarak en iyi yansıtan örnekleri içermektedir. Elkind çocukluktan gençliğe kadarki yaşam sürecindeki bireyin dini düşünce ve anlayışını şekillendiren unsurları detaylı olarak ele almıştır. Bu araştırmalarda en fazla üzerinde durduğu kavramların başında dua ve dini deneyimler gelmektedir.
Elkind çalışmalarında kullanmış olduğu yarı klinik yöntem ile Piagetçi çizgiye daha da yaklaşmıştır. Bu yöntemi farklı dini aidiyetlere sahip (Protestan, Katolik, Yahudi) bireylere uygulayarak aynı zamanda karşılaştırmalı bazı veriler elde etmiş olan Elkind, teolojik önyargılardan uzak bir araştırma anlayışı ortaya koymuştur. Bütün bu çalışmalarında Elkind, yaşa bağlı bazı benzerlikler bulmuş ve bunları belli dönemlere ayırmıştır. Her bir aşamanın bir arayışa denk geldiği dört dini gelişim aşaması bulmuştur: korunma/himaye arayışı, temsil arayışı, ilişki arayışı ve anlam (idrak) arayışı. Elkind’in en önemli odak noktalarından biri de ergen dinî gelişim alanıdır. Ergenlik dönemi dinî gelişimini anlam arayışı ile ifade eden Elkind, insanların bütüncül anlam arayışına meydan okuyan durumlar söz konusu olduğunda ona yardım eden dinlerin, bu konuda insanlara bazı çözümler sunduğunu belirtmektedir. Dinî gelişim alanından bağımsız olarak ele aldığı ergen benmerkezciliği çalışmaları zamanla dini gelişim konusunda da belli bir anlayışa doğru gelişim göstermiştir. O ergen gelişim çizgilerinin benzerlerini dinî gelişim alanına da uyarlamıştır.
Dini gelişim alanında önemli çalışmaları olan David Elkind, dini gelişimin özellikle ergenlik dönemini detaylı olarak ele almıştır. Ergenlik dönemi Piaget’nin soyut işlemler dönemine denk gelmektedir. Elkind’e göre soyut düşünme kapasitesinin gelişimiyle birlikte ergenlik dönemi dini gelişiminde ortaya çıkan en önemli ihtiyaç anlam arayışıdır. Ergenlik dönemi hayatın her alanında olduğu gibi din alanında da bir anlam arayışına işaret eder. Elkind’in çalışmalarında dini gelişim, kendine has karakterine rağmen gelişimin diğer alanlarıyla benzerlik arz etmektedir. Elkind’in, çeşitli deneysel çalışmalarla desteklenen araştırma anlayışı, ergenlik dönemi dini gelişimini doğru anlamak ve din eğitimi uygulamalarına ilham vermek açısından önemli veriler sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Elkind’in dini gelişim alanına yaptığı katkıyı, birinci elden kaynaklardan yararlanarak ortaya koymaktır. Dini gelişim alanında yapılan diğer çalışmalara da kısaca değinilecektir. Çalışma literatür tarama yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Boyatzis, Chris J. Examining Religious and Spiritual Development during Childhood and Adolescence, In L.
  • Francis (Ed.), The International Handbook of Education for Spirituality, Care, and Well-Being. (2009), pp.51-67.
  • Boyatzis, Chris J. Spiritual Development During Childhood and Adolescence, In L. J. Miller (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Pshycology and Spirituality. (2012)
  • Bronfenbrenner, Urie. The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.1979.
  • Desmond, S Scott vd. Religious Development: How (And Why) Does Religiosity Change From Adolescence to Young Adulthood?, Sociological Perspectives , Vol. 53, No. 2, (2010), pp. 247-270
  • Elkind David - Elkind, Sally. Varieties of Religious Experience in Young Adolescents, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , Vol. 2, No. 1, (1962), pp. 102-112.
  • Elkind, David. Piaget's Semi-Clinical Interview and the Study of Spontaneous Religion, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , Vol. 4, No. 1, (1964a), pp. 40-47.
  • Elkind, David. Age Changes in the Meaning of Religious Identity, Review of Religious Research , Autumn, Vol. 6, No. 1, (1964b), pp. 36-40
  • Elkind, David. Egocentrism in Adolescence, Child Development, Vol. 38, No. 4, (1967), pp. 1025-1034
  • Elkind, David. The Origins of Religion in the Child, Review of Religious Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, (1970), pp. 35-42
  • Elkind, David. Cognitive Development and Adolescent Disabilities, Journal of Adoles-cent Health Care; 6: (1985), 84-89.
  • Fowler, James W. Stages in Faith Consciousness. New Directions For Child Develop-ment, 52(Summer), (1991), 27-45.
  • Fowler, James W. Dell, Mary L. Stages Of Faith From Infancy Through Adolescence Reflections On Three Decades Of Faith Development Theory, The Handbook of Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence, Ed.: Eugene C. Roehl-kepartain, Pamela E. King, Linda Wagener, Peter L. Benson, SAGE Publications, California, s. 34-45, 2006.
  • Fowler, James. W. İman Bilincinin Evreleri, Çeviri: Mehmedoğlu, A. U., M. Ü. İlalıiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 19, (2000), 85-104.
  • Goldman, Ronald. Religious thinking from childhood to adolescence, New York: The Seabury Press, 1964.
  • Harms, Ernst. The Development of Religious Experience in Children, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 50, No. 2, (1944), pp. 1-12.
  • Hoge Dean R. - Petrillo, G. H. Development of Religious Thinking in Adolescence: A Test of Goldman's Theories, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 17, No. 2, (1978), pp. 139-154.
  • Hood, Ralph W. vd. The Psychology of Religion An Empirical Approach, The Guilford Press, New York, 2009. Karaca, Faruk. Dini gelişim teorileri, Dem Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007.
  • King, Pamela. E. - Boyatzis, Chris. J. Religious and spiritual development. In M. E. Lamb & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Socioemotional processes, John Wiley & Sons, (2015), pp. 975–1021.
  • King, Pamela. E. - Boyatzis, Chris. J. Religious and Spiritual Development, In Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, 2015.
  • King, Pamela. E. vd. Developmental Perspectives on Adolescent Religious and Spiritual Development, Adolescent Research Review, 6: (2021), 253–264
  • Korniejczuk, Victor A. Psychologıcal theorıes of relıgıous development: a seventh-day adventıst perspectıve, Prepared for the International Faith and Learning Seminar Held at Union College, Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A., (1993), pp. 257-276
  • Loewenthal, Kate Miram. The Psychology of Religion: A Short Introduction, Oneworld Publications, Oxford, England, 2008.
  • Long, Diane. vd. The Child's Conception of Prayer, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 6, No. 1, (1967), pp. 101- 109.
  • Markstrom, Carol. A. Religious involvement and adolescent psychosocial development, Journal of Adolescence, Volume 22, Issue 2, April 1999, Pages 205-221
  • Mckinney, Jeremiah P., Mckinney, Kate G. Prayer in the lives of late adolescents, Journal of Adolescence, 22, (1999), 279-290 .
  • Mehmedoğlu, Ali Ulvi - Aygün, Adem. James W. Fowler ve İnanç Gelişim Teorisi, Çuku-rova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD), Cilt 6, Sayı 1, (2006), s. 118 – 142.
  • Oruç, Cemil. Piaget’nin Bilişsel Gelişim Kuramının Erken Çocukluk Din Eğitimine Yan-sımaları: Ronald Goldman’ın Bulguları Çerçevesinde Din Eğitiminin İmkânı, Uluslararası Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Kongresi, Bildiri Kitabı, İstanbul, 2016.
  • Paloutzian, Raymond. Handbook of The Psychology of Relıgıon, the guılford press, New york, 2005.
  • Şahin, Ahmet. Exploring the religious life-world and attitude toward Islam among Bri-tish Muslim adolescents, In Religion, Education and Adolescence, Unıversıty of Wales Press Cardıff, 2005.
  • Santrock, John.W. Child Development, Thirteenth Edition, Teksas, 2010.
  • Santrock, John.W. Educational Psychology, Fifth edition, McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2011.
  • Santrock, John W. Adolescence, Sixteenth Edition, McGraw-Hill Education. New York, 2016.
  • Slavin Robert. E. Educational Psychology Theory and Practice, Eighth edition, Boston, 1986.
  • Streib, Hainz. Off-road religion? A narrative approach to fundamentalist and occult orientations of adolescents, Journal of Adolescence, 22, (1999), 255-267.
  • Tamminen, Kalevi. Religious Experiences in Childhood and Adolescence: A viewpoint of Religious Development Between the Ages of 7 and 20. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 4(2), (1994), 61-85.

The Effects of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development on Adolescent Religious Development: Elkind's Approach

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 63 - 82, 27.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.51605/mesned.1078189

Öz

Developmental studies have led to the study of education and psychology, especially since the second half of the last century. The basis of these studies is based on the assumption of the existence of cer-tain, successive invariant stages at different periods of the individual's life cycle. Accordingly, each in-dividual goes through these stages in the same order, although there are individual differences, these stages are structurally similar. In particular, Piaget's researches based on the semi-clinical method ha-ve significantly determined the framework of studies in this field. Although some of Piaget's assumpti-ons are discussed today, the understanding that he brought remains important in this area.
In parallel with its influence in the field of education and psychology, developmental studies have es-tablished a basis that has also been adopted and applied in the field of religious development. The most important studies in the field of religious development were conducted in the second half of the twentieth century, in particular by Ronald Goldman, David Elkind, James Fowler and Fritz Oser. These researchers have shaped their work mainly based on a Piagistic framework. In these studies, especially Elkind's studies contain examples that best reflect the Piagistic understanding both as a method and as an approach. Elkind has discussed in detail the elements that shape the religious thought and unders-tanding of the individual in the life process from childhood to youth. Prayer and religious experiences are the most important concepts he focuses on in these studies.
Elkind has come closer to the Piagistic line with the semi-clinical method he has used in his studies. By applying this method to individuals with different religious affiliations (Protestant, Catholic, Jewish), Elkind, who also obtained some comparative data, has revealed a research understanding that is far from theological biases. In all these studies, Elkind found some age-related similarities and divi-ded them into certain periods. He found four stages of religious development in which each stage coin-cides with a quest: the search for protection/patronage, the search for representation, the search for re-lationships, and the search for meaning (understanding). One of the most important focuses of Elkind is the field of adolescent religious development. Expressing his adolescent religious development with the search for meaning, Elkind notes that the religions that help him when it comes to people who chal-lenge people's search for holistic meaning offer people some solutions in this regard. His studies of adolescent egocentrism, which he considers regardless of the field of religious development, have also developed over time towards a certain understanding of religious development. He has also adapted similar lines of adolescent development to the field of religious development.
David Elkind, who has important works in the field of religious development, has discussed in detail the period of religious development, especially adolescence. The period of adolescence coincides with Piaget's period of abstract operations. According to Elkind, the most important need that arises in the religious development of adolescence with the development of abstract thinking capacity is the search for meaning. Adolescence refers to the search for meaning in the field of religion, as well as in all areas of life. Despite its unique character, religious development in Elkind's work bears similarities with ot-her areas of development. Elkind's research understanding, supported by various experimental stu-dies, provides important data in terms of correctly understanding the religious development of adoles-cence and inspiring religious education practices. The purpose of this study is to reveal Elkind's cont-ribution to the field of religious development by using first-hand sources. Other studies in the field of religious development will also be briefly discussed. The study was carried out using the literature re-view method.

Kaynakça

  • Boyatzis, Chris J. Examining Religious and Spiritual Development during Childhood and Adolescence, In L.
  • Francis (Ed.), The International Handbook of Education for Spirituality, Care, and Well-Being. (2009), pp.51-67.
  • Boyatzis, Chris J. Spiritual Development During Childhood and Adolescence, In L. J. Miller (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Pshycology and Spirituality. (2012)
  • Bronfenbrenner, Urie. The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.1979.
  • Desmond, S Scott vd. Religious Development: How (And Why) Does Religiosity Change From Adolescence to Young Adulthood?, Sociological Perspectives , Vol. 53, No. 2, (2010), pp. 247-270
  • Elkind David - Elkind, Sally. Varieties of Religious Experience in Young Adolescents, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , Vol. 2, No. 1, (1962), pp. 102-112.
  • Elkind, David. Piaget's Semi-Clinical Interview and the Study of Spontaneous Religion, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , Vol. 4, No. 1, (1964a), pp. 40-47.
  • Elkind, David. Age Changes in the Meaning of Religious Identity, Review of Religious Research , Autumn, Vol. 6, No. 1, (1964b), pp. 36-40
  • Elkind, David. Egocentrism in Adolescence, Child Development, Vol. 38, No. 4, (1967), pp. 1025-1034
  • Elkind, David. The Origins of Religion in the Child, Review of Religious Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, (1970), pp. 35-42
  • Elkind, David. Cognitive Development and Adolescent Disabilities, Journal of Adoles-cent Health Care; 6: (1985), 84-89.
  • Fowler, James W. Stages in Faith Consciousness. New Directions For Child Develop-ment, 52(Summer), (1991), 27-45.
  • Fowler, James W. Dell, Mary L. Stages Of Faith From Infancy Through Adolescence Reflections On Three Decades Of Faith Development Theory, The Handbook of Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence, Ed.: Eugene C. Roehl-kepartain, Pamela E. King, Linda Wagener, Peter L. Benson, SAGE Publications, California, s. 34-45, 2006.
  • Fowler, James. W. İman Bilincinin Evreleri, Çeviri: Mehmedoğlu, A. U., M. Ü. İlalıiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 19, (2000), 85-104.
  • Goldman, Ronald. Religious thinking from childhood to adolescence, New York: The Seabury Press, 1964.
  • Harms, Ernst. The Development of Religious Experience in Children, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 50, No. 2, (1944), pp. 1-12.
  • Hoge Dean R. - Petrillo, G. H. Development of Religious Thinking in Adolescence: A Test of Goldman's Theories, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 17, No. 2, (1978), pp. 139-154.
  • Hood, Ralph W. vd. The Psychology of Religion An Empirical Approach, The Guilford Press, New York, 2009. Karaca, Faruk. Dini gelişim teorileri, Dem Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007.
  • King, Pamela. E. - Boyatzis, Chris. J. Religious and spiritual development. In M. E. Lamb & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Socioemotional processes, John Wiley & Sons, (2015), pp. 975–1021.
  • King, Pamela. E. - Boyatzis, Chris. J. Religious and Spiritual Development, In Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, 2015.
  • King, Pamela. E. vd. Developmental Perspectives on Adolescent Religious and Spiritual Development, Adolescent Research Review, 6: (2021), 253–264
  • Korniejczuk, Victor A. Psychologıcal theorıes of relıgıous development: a seventh-day adventıst perspectıve, Prepared for the International Faith and Learning Seminar Held at Union College, Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A., (1993), pp. 257-276
  • Loewenthal, Kate Miram. The Psychology of Religion: A Short Introduction, Oneworld Publications, Oxford, England, 2008.
  • Long, Diane. vd. The Child's Conception of Prayer, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 6, No. 1, (1967), pp. 101- 109.
  • Markstrom, Carol. A. Religious involvement and adolescent psychosocial development, Journal of Adolescence, Volume 22, Issue 2, April 1999, Pages 205-221
  • Mckinney, Jeremiah P., Mckinney, Kate G. Prayer in the lives of late adolescents, Journal of Adolescence, 22, (1999), 279-290 .
  • Mehmedoğlu, Ali Ulvi - Aygün, Adem. James W. Fowler ve İnanç Gelişim Teorisi, Çuku-rova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD), Cilt 6, Sayı 1, (2006), s. 118 – 142.
  • Oruç, Cemil. Piaget’nin Bilişsel Gelişim Kuramının Erken Çocukluk Din Eğitimine Yan-sımaları: Ronald Goldman’ın Bulguları Çerçevesinde Din Eğitiminin İmkânı, Uluslararası Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Kongresi, Bildiri Kitabı, İstanbul, 2016.
  • Paloutzian, Raymond. Handbook of The Psychology of Relıgıon, the guılford press, New york, 2005.
  • Şahin, Ahmet. Exploring the religious life-world and attitude toward Islam among Bri-tish Muslim adolescents, In Religion, Education and Adolescence, Unıversıty of Wales Press Cardıff, 2005.
  • Santrock, John.W. Child Development, Thirteenth Edition, Teksas, 2010.
  • Santrock, John.W. Educational Psychology, Fifth edition, McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2011.
  • Santrock, John W. Adolescence, Sixteenth Edition, McGraw-Hill Education. New York, 2016.
  • Slavin Robert. E. Educational Psychology Theory and Practice, Eighth edition, Boston, 1986.
  • Streib, Hainz. Off-road religion? A narrative approach to fundamentalist and occult orientations of adolescents, Journal of Adolescence, 22, (1999), 255-267.
  • Tamminen, Kalevi. Religious Experiences in Childhood and Adolescence: A viewpoint of Religious Development Between the Ages of 7 and 20. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 4(2), (1994), 61-85.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Su 0000-0001-9037-8901

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Su, Mehmet. “Piaget’in Bilişsel Gelişim Teorisinin Ergenlik Dönemi Dini Gelişim Üzerindeki Etkileri: Elkind’in Yaklaşımı”. Mesned İlahiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 13/1 (Haziran 2022), 63-82. https://doi.org/10.51605/mesned.1078189.

Mesned İlahiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.

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