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DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK VE FİRMA PERFORMANSI İLİŞKİSİNDE GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİLİMİNİN ROLÜ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 37, 353 - 371, 01.06.2020

Öz

Değişken ve öngörülemeyen çevresel koşullar işletmelerin hayatta kalabilmesinde girişimciliğin önem ve anlamını vurgulamaktadır. Bu koşullar, işletmelerin bütünlüğünden ve başarısından birinci derecede sorumlu olan ve aynı zamanda firmaların girişimcilik faaliyeti ile alakalı olan liderliği ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile de ülkemizde yerli ve milli teknoloji üretiminde önemli rol oynayan teknopark firmalarında dönüşümcü liderlik, firma performansı ve bu ilişkide girişimcilik eğiliminin rolü araştırılmıştır. Girişimcilik eğilimi ve dönüşümcü liderlik içsel soyut kaynaklar olarak ele alınmakta ve kaynak temelli yaklaşım bağlamında tartışılmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul, Ankara ve İzmir'deki teknopark firmalarının kurucuları / sahipleri ve üst düzey yöneticileri oluşturmuş, 175 teknopark firması üzerinde kesitsel çalışma yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar dönüşümcü liderliğin firma performansı üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ve girişimcilik eğiliminin dönüşümcü liderlik ile firma performansı arasında tam aracılık etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. S., & Eshima, Y. (2013). The influence of firm age and intangible resources on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm growth among Japanese SMEs. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 413–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.10.001
  • Arham, A. F. (2014). The Relationship Between Leadership Behaviour, Entrepreneurial Orientation And Organisational Performance In Malaysian Small And Medium Enterprises. RMIT University.
  • Avlonitis, G. J., & Salavou, H. E. (2007). Entrepreneurial orientation of SMEs, product innovativeness, and performance. Journal of Business Research, 60(5), 566–575. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.01.001
  • Aziz, R. A., Mahmood, R., Tajudin, A., & Abdullah, M. H. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of SMEs in Malaysia. International Journal of Management Excellence, 2(3), 221–226.
  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. (B. M. Bass & B. J. Avolio, Eds.). London: Sage Publications Thousand Oaks.
  • Baysak, B., & Yener, M. İ. (2015). The relationship between perceived leadership style and perceived stress on hospital employees. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 79–89.
  • Bennis, W. (2009). On Becaming Leader. New York: Basic Books.
  • Boso, N., Story, V. M., & Cadogan, J. W. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, network ties , and performance : Study of entrepreneurial firms in a developing economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), 708–727. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.04.001
  • Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership (1st ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
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  • Carless, S., Wearing, A., & Mann, L. (2000). A Short Measure of Transformational Leadership. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14, 389–405. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022991115523
  • Covin, J. G., Green, K. M., & Slevin, D. P. (2006). Strategic Process Effects on the Entrepreneurial Orientation–Sales Growth Rate Relationship. ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY and PRACTICE, 57–81. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2005.18778648
  • Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic Management Of Small Firms In Hostile And Benign Environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(March 1987), 75–87.
  • Covin, J. G., & Wales, W. J. (2012). The Measurement of Entrepreneurial Orientation. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 36(4), 677–702. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00432.x
  • Daft, R. L. (2014). The Leadership Experience (Sixth Edit). Cengage Learning.
  • Engelen, A., Flatten, T. C., Thalmann, J., & Brettel, M. (2014). The Effect of organizational culture on entrepreneurial orientation: A comparison between Germany and Thailand. Journal of Small Business Management, 52(4), 732–752. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12052
  • Engelen, A., Gupta, V., Strenger, L., & Brettel, M. (2015). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Firm Performance, and the Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership Behaviors. Journal of Management, 41(4), 1069–1097. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312455244
  • Engelen, A., Vishal, G., Strenger, L., & Brettel, M. (2012). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Firm Performance, and the Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership Behaviors. Journal of Management, 41, 1069–1097. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312455244
  • Eraslan, L. (2006). Liderlikte post-modern bir paradigma: dönüşümcü liderlik. Journal of Human Sciences, 1(1 SE-Sociology), 1–32.
  • Fukugawa, N. (2006). Science parks in Japan and their value-added contributions to new technology-based firms. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 24(2), 381–400.
  • Galbreath, J. (2005). Which resources matter the most to firm success? An exploratory study of resource-based theory. Technovation, 25(9), 979–987. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2004.02.008
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  • Gurel, E. (2017). The Relationship Between Innovation And Firm Performance : A Survey On Auditing. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting, 4(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.691
  • Hashim, A., Omar, C., Hamzah, M., & Umar, A. (2018). Leadership Behaviour, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Organisational Performance in Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises. International Business Research, 11, 37. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n9p37
  • Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J. W. (2011). Organizational Behavior. South-Western Cengage Learning.
  • Hickman, G. R. (1997). Transforming Organizations to Transform Society.
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  • Kayalıdere, G. (2014). Türkiye’nin Teknoloji Politikalarında Teknoparkların Önemi ve Teknoparklara Yönelik Vergi Avantajları. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1).
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  • Lorena, P.-G., Jiménez, D. J., & Martínez-Lorente, A. R. (2018). Exploring the mediating effects between transformational leadership and organizational performance. Employee Relations, 40(2), 412–432. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-10-2016-0190
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, FIRM PERFORMANCE AND THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ORIENTATION

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 37, 353 - 371, 01.06.2020

Öz

Changeable and unpredictable environmental conditions emphasize the importance and meaning of entrepreneurship in the survival of enterprises. These conditions underline the leadership, which is primarily responsible for the integrity and success of businesses, as well as the entrepreneurial activity of firms. In this context, this study aims to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership, firm performance and the role of entrepreneurship orientation in techno-park firms which play an important role in the production of domestic and national technology in our country. Entrepreneurship orientation and transformational leadership were approached as internal intangible resources and discussed in the context of the resource-based approach. The sample of this study consists of founders/owners and top-level managers of techno-park firms. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 175 technopark firms in Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir. Results indicate that transformational leadership has a positive effect on organizational performance and entrepreneurial orientation has a full mediating effect between transformational leadership and firm performance.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. S., & Eshima, Y. (2013). The influence of firm age and intangible resources on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm growth among Japanese SMEs. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 413–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.10.001
  • Arham, A. F. (2014). The Relationship Between Leadership Behaviour, Entrepreneurial Orientation And Organisational Performance In Malaysian Small And Medium Enterprises. RMIT University.
  • Avlonitis, G. J., & Salavou, H. E. (2007). Entrepreneurial orientation of SMEs, product innovativeness, and performance. Journal of Business Research, 60(5), 566–575. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.01.001
  • Aziz, R. A., Mahmood, R., Tajudin, A., & Abdullah, M. H. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of SMEs in Malaysia. International Journal of Management Excellence, 2(3), 221–226.
  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. (B. M. Bass & B. J. Avolio, Eds.). London: Sage Publications Thousand Oaks.
  • Baysak, B., & Yener, M. İ. (2015). The relationship between perceived leadership style and perceived stress on hospital employees. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 79–89.
  • Bennis, W. (2009). On Becaming Leader. New York: Basic Books.
  • Boso, N., Story, V. M., & Cadogan, J. W. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, network ties , and performance : Study of entrepreneurial firms in a developing economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6), 708–727. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.04.001
  • Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership (1st ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
  • Bushra, F., Ahmad, U., & Naveed, A. (2011). Effect of transformational leadership on employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment in banking sector of Lahore (Pakistan). International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(18).
  • Carless, S., Wearing, A., & Mann, L. (2000). A Short Measure of Transformational Leadership. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14, 389–405. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022991115523
  • Covin, J. G., Green, K. M., & Slevin, D. P. (2006). Strategic Process Effects on the Entrepreneurial Orientation–Sales Growth Rate Relationship. ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY and PRACTICE, 57–81. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2005.18778648
  • Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic Management Of Small Firms In Hostile And Benign Environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(March 1987), 75–87.
  • Covin, J. G., & Wales, W. J. (2012). The Measurement of Entrepreneurial Orientation. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 36(4), 677–702. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00432.x
  • Daft, R. L. (2014). The Leadership Experience (Sixth Edit). Cengage Learning.
  • Engelen, A., Flatten, T. C., Thalmann, J., & Brettel, M. (2014). The Effect of organizational culture on entrepreneurial orientation: A comparison between Germany and Thailand. Journal of Small Business Management, 52(4), 732–752. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12052
  • Engelen, A., Gupta, V., Strenger, L., & Brettel, M. (2015). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Firm Performance, and the Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership Behaviors. Journal of Management, 41(4), 1069–1097. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312455244
  • Engelen, A., Vishal, G., Strenger, L., & Brettel, M. (2012). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Firm Performance, and the Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership Behaviors. Journal of Management, 41, 1069–1097. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312455244
  • Eraslan, L. (2006). Liderlikte post-modern bir paradigma: dönüşümcü liderlik. Journal of Human Sciences, 1(1 SE-Sociology), 1–32.
  • Fukugawa, N. (2006). Science parks in Japan and their value-added contributions to new technology-based firms. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 24(2), 381–400.
  • Galbreath, J. (2005). Which resources matter the most to firm success? An exploratory study of resource-based theory. Technovation, 25(9), 979–987. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2004.02.008
  • Goethals, G., Sorenson, G., & Burns, J. (2004). Encyclopedia of Leadership. Thousand Oaks, California. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412952392 NV - 4
  • Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62(4), 461–473. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.07.032
  • Gurel, E. (2017). The Relationship Between Innovation And Firm Performance : A Survey On Auditing. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting, 4(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.691
  • Hashim, A., Omar, C., Hamzah, M., & Umar, A. (2018). Leadership Behaviour, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Organisational Performance in Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises. International Business Research, 11, 37. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n9p37
  • Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J. W. (2011). Organizational Behavior. South-Western Cengage Learning.
  • Hickman, G. R. (1997). Transforming Organizations to Transform Society.
  • Jafar, R. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: the mediating role of functional performances. Management Research Review, 41(7), 878–900. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-03-2017-0092
  • Jiang, X., Yang, Y., Pei, Y.-L., & Wang, G. (2016). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Strategic Alliances, and Firm Performance: Inside the Black Box. Long Range Planning, 49(1), 103–116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2014.09.003
  • Jing, F. F. (2016). Missing Links In Understanding The Relationship Between Leadership And Organizational Performance, 15(3), 67–78.
  • Kantur, D. (2016). Strategic entrepreneurship: mediating the entrepreneurial orientation-performance link. Management Decision, 54(1), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2014-0660
  • Kayalıdere, G. (2014). Türkiye’nin Teknoloji Politikalarında Teknoparkların Önemi ve Teknoparklara Yönelik Vergi Avantajları. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1).
  • Khandwalla, P. N. (1977). 'Some top management styles, their context and performance’. Organization and Administrative Sciences, 7(4), 21–51.
  • Kıncal, A. (2014). Bütüncül Bir Yaklaşımla Teknoparkların Ülke Ekonomisi Üzerindeki Etkileri.
  • Lebas, M., & Euske, K. (2002). A conceptual and operational delineation of performance. In A. Neely (Ed.), Business performance measurement: Theory and Practice (pp. 65–79). Cambridge University Press.
  • Lee, C., Lee, K., & Pennings, J. M. (2001). Internal Capabilities, External Networks, and Performance: A Study on Technology-Based Ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22(6/7), 615–640.
  • Lorena, P.-G., Jiménez, D. J., & Martínez-Lorente, A. R. (2018). Exploring the mediating effects between transformational leadership and organizational performance. Employee Relations, 40(2), 412–432. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-10-2016-0190
  • Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying The Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It To Performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135–172. https://doi.org/10.2307/258632
  • Menguc, B., Auh, S., & Shih, E. (2007). Transformational leadership and market orientation: Implications for the implementation of competitive strategies and business unit performance. Journal of Business Research, 60(4), 314–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.12.008
  • Miller, D. (1983). The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770–791. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
  • Monsen, E., & Boss, R. W. (2009). E T & P the Organization : Examining Job Stress and Employee Retention. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, (2000), 71–105.
  • Moriano, J., Molero, F., Topa, G., & Mangin, J.-P. (2014). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational identification on intrapreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10, 103–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-011-0196-x
  • Muchiri, M. K. (2013). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Leadership: A Review, Model and Research Agenda. Small Enterprise Association of Australia and New Zealand - 26th Annual SEAANZ Conference Proceedings, 1–15.
  • Muchiri, M., & McMurray, A. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation within small firms: a critical review of why leadership and contextual factors matter. Small Enterprise Research, 22(1), 17–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2015.1017076
  • Ng, T. W. H. (2017). Transformational leadership and performance outcomes: Analyses of multiple mediation pathways. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(3), 385–417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.11.008
  • Özşahin, M. (2011). Yüksek Performanslı İşletmelerde Liderlik Rekabetçi Kültür ve Performans İlişkisi. Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü.
  • Özşahin, M., Zehir, C., & Acar, A. Z. (2011). Linking leadership style to firm performance: The mediating effect of the learning orientation. In Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 24, pp. 1546–1559). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.089
  • Öztekin, Ö., İşçi, S., & Karadağ, E. (2015). The Effect of Leadership on Organizational Commitment. In Leadership and Organizational Outcomes (pp. 57–79). Springer.
  • Raj, R., Javalgi, G., & Todd, P. R. (2011). Entrepreneurial orientation , management commitment , and human capital : The internationalization of SMEs in India. Journal of Business Research, 64(9), 1004–1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.11.024
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  • Wales, W. J. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation: A review and synthesis of promising research directions. International Small Business Journal, 34(1), 3–15.
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  • Yeşil, S., Doğan, İ., & Doğan, Ö. (2016). Örgüt Kültürünün Girişimcilik Yönelimi İle Örgütsel Performans Üzerindeki Etkisi:Kahramanmaraş İli Tekstil Sektörü Örneği. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi.
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  • 10th Development Plan (2014-2018). (2013). Ministry of Development (Vol. 8). Ankara.
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Birol Baysak 0000-0003-3258-7988

Serdar Bozkurt 0000-0002-4745-9965

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ocak 2020
Kabul Tarihi 28 Ocak 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 37

Kaynak Göster

APA Baysak, B., & Bozkurt, S. (2020). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, FIRM PERFORMANCE AND THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ORIENTATION. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(37), 353-371.